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The ePix10k 2-megapixel hard X-ray detector at LCLS.
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 , DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520004257
Tim Brandt van Driel 1 , Silke Nelson 1 , Rebecca Armenta 1 , Gabriel Blaj 1 , Stephen Boo 1 , Sébastien Boutet 1 , Dionisio Doering 1 , Angelo Dragone 1 , Philip Hart 1 , Gunther Haller 1 , Christopher Kenney 1 , Maciej Kwaitowski 1 , Leo Manger 1 , Mark McKelvey 1 , Kaz Nakahara 1 , Marco Oriunno 1 , Takahiro Sato 1 , Matt Weaver 1
Affiliation  

The ePix10ka2M (ePix10k) is a new large area detector specifically developed for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) applications. The hybrid pixel detector was developed at SLAC to provide a hard X-ray area detector with a high dynamic range, running at the 120 Hz repetition rate of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The ePix10k consists of 16 modules, each with 352 × 384 pixels of 100 µm × 100 µm distributed on four ASICs, resulting in a 2.16 megapixel detector, with a 16.5 cm × 16.5 cm active area and ∼80% coverage. The high dynamic range is achieved with three distinct gain settings (low, medium, high) as well as two auto-ranging modes (high-to-low and medium-to-low). Here the three fixed gain modes are evaluated. The resulting dynamic range (from single photon counting to 10000 photons pixel-1 pulse-1 at 8 keV) makes it suitable for a large number of different XFEL experiments. The ePix10k replaces the large CSPAD in operation since 2011. The dimensions of the two detectors are similar, making the upgrade from CSPAD to ePix10k straightforward for most setups, with the ePix10k improving on experimental performance. The SLAC-developed ePix cameras all utilize a similar platform, are tailored to target different experimental conditions and are designed to provide an upgrade path for future high-repetition-rate XFELs. Here the first measurements on this new ePix10k detector are presented and the performance under typical XFEL conditions evaluated during an LCLS X-ray diffuse scattering experiment measuring the 9.5 keV X-ray photons scattered from a thin liquid jet.

中文翻译:

LCLS 上的 ePix10k 2 兆像素硬 X 射线探测器。

ePix10ka2M (ePix10k) 是一款专为 X 射线自由电子激光 (XFEL) 应用开发的新型大面积探测器。混合像素探测器是在 SLAC 开发的,旨在提供具有高动态范围的硬 X 射线区域探测器,以直线加速器相干光源 (LCLS) 的 120 Hz 重复率运行。ePix10k 由 16 个模块组成,每个模块具有 352 × 384 个 100 µm × 100 µm 像素,分布在四个 ASIC 上,从而形成一个 2.16 兆像素探测器,具有 16.5 cm × 16.5 cm 活动区域和 ~80% 覆盖率。高动态范围是通过三种不同的增益设置(低、中、高)以及两种自动范围模式(高到低和中到低)来实现的。这里评估了三种固定增益模式。由此产生的动态范围(从单光子计数到 8 keV 下 10000 个光子像素 1 脉冲 1)使其适用于大量不同的 XFEL 实验。ePix10k 取代了自 2011 年以来运行的大型 CSPAD。两个探测器的尺寸相似,对于大多数设置而言,从 CSPAD 升级到 ePix10k 非常简单,而 ePix10k 则改进了实验性能。SLAC 开发的 ePix 相机均采用相似的平台,针对不同的实验条件进行定制,旨在为未来的高重复率 XFEL 提供升级路径。这里介绍了这款新型 ePix10k 探测器的首次测量结果,并在 LCLS X 射线漫散射实验中评估了典型 XFEL 条件下的性能,该实验测量了从稀薄液体射流散射的 9.5 keV X 射线光子。
更新日期:2020-04-17
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