Introduction: Sepsis accounts for up to one-third of neonatal deaths in the world each year. The World Health Organization acknowledges neonatal sepsis as a major global health concern, and that the highest burden occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite major research and clinical progress in this area, we still lack accurate diagnostic tools for neonatal sepsis, complicating the management of this condition.Areas covered: The purpose here is to review the latest data on the incidence, diagnosis, prevention, and management of neonatal sepsis in LMIC. We discuss the limitations of current diagnostic tests - including their lack of availability - and how this may influence global estimates of cases. We review the benefits of antenatal, intrapartum, and post-natal preventive measures. We briefly discuss the management, highlighting the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we expose some high priority areas.Expert opinion: Neonatal sepsis is a challenging condition requiring a multifaceted approach to address the major diagnostic issues, but also the underlying socio-economic causes that nourish epidemic cases in LMIC. Focusing on antibiotics as a main pillar of intervention is likely to engender antimicrobial resistance, eventually hindering the appreciable gains LMICs have achieved in neonatal health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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低收入国家的新生儿败血症：流行病学，诊断和预防。

简介：脓毒症每年占全世界新生儿死亡的三分之一。世界卫生组织承认新生儿败血症是全球主要的健康问题，负担最重的是中低收入国家（LMIC）。尽管在这一领域进行了重大研究和临床进展，但我们仍然缺乏准确的新生儿败血症诊断工具，这使这种情况的管理变得复杂。涵盖范围：此处的目的是回顾有关新生儿败血症的发生，诊断，预防和管理的最新数据。 LMIC中的新生儿败血症。我们讨论了当前诊断测试的局限性-包括缺乏可用性-以及这将如何影响病例的总体估计。我们回顾了产前，产时和产后预防措施的益处。我们简要讨论一下管理，突出了抗菌素耐药性的出现。最后，我们揭露了一些高度优先的领域。专家意见：新生儿败血症是一种具有挑战性的疾病，需要采取多方面的方法来解决主要的诊断问题，同时也是滋生LMIC流行病例的潜在社会经济原因。将抗生素作为干预措施的主要支柱很可能会引起抗菌素耐药性，最终阻碍LMIC在新生儿健康结局中取得可观的收益。