Odd-nosed monkeys 'arm-swing' more frequently than other colobines. They are therefore somewhat behaviorally analogous to atelines and apes. Scapular morphology regularly reflects locomotor mode, with both arm-swinging and climbing anthropoids showing similar characteristics, especially a mediolaterally narrow blade and cranially angled spine and glenoid. However, these traits are not expressed uniformly among anthropoids. Therefore, behavioral convergences in the odd-nosed taxa of Nasalis, Pygathrix, and Rhinopithecus with hominoids may not have resulted in similar structural convergences. We therefore used a broad sample of anthropoids to test how closely odd-nosed monkey scapulae resemble those of other arm-swinging primates. We used principal component analyses on size-corrected linear metrics and angles that reflect scapular size and shape in a broad sample of anthropoids. As in previous studies, our first component separated terrestrial and above-branch quadrupeds from clambering and arm-swinging taxa. On this axis, odd-nosed monkeys were closer than other colobines to modern apes and Ateles. All three odd-nosed genera retain glenoid orientations that are more typical of other colobines, but Pygathrix and Rhinopithecus are closer to hominoids than to other Asian colobines in mediolateral blade breadth, spine angle, and glenoid position. This suggests that scapular morphology of Pygathrix may reflect a significant reliance on arm-swinging and that the morphology of Rhinopithecus may reflect more reliance on general climbing. As 'arm-swinging' features are also found in taxa that only rarely arm-swing, we hypothesize that these features are also adaptive for scrambling and bridging in larger bodied anthropoids that use the fine-branch component of their arboreal niches.

中文翻译：

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奇鼻猴肩cap形态在摇臂猿上趋于一致。

怪异的猴子比其他同伴更频繁地“摆臂”。因此，它们在某种程度上类似于食蚁兽和猿猴。肩cap形态经常反映运动模式，手臂摆动和攀爬类人猿都表现出相似的特征，尤其是中外侧狭窄的叶片以及颅骨和颅骨呈倾斜角度。但是，这些特征在类人猿中并不是统一表达的。因此，在鼻类，翼龙和鼻上古猿的奇鼻子类与类人动物的行为收敛可能不会导致类似的结构收敛。因此，我们使用了广泛的类人动物样本来测试奇异鼻猴肩e骨与其他摆动手臂的灵长类猴有多么相似。我们对尺寸经过校正的线性指标和角度进行了主成分分析，这些指标反映了各种类人猿样本中肩骨的大小和形状。与以前的研究一样，我们的第一个组件将地面和分支上的四足动物从攀爬和摆动臂的类群中分离出来。在这个轴上，奇鼻猴比其他同类猴更接近现代猿猴和Ateles。这三个奇异的属都保留了盂兰orientation定向，这是其他同类卧虎的典型特征，但是在中外侧叶片的宽度，脊柱角度和盂盂的位置，Pygathrix和Rhinopithecus比其他亚洲lob属更接近类人猿。这表明Pygathrix的肩cap骨形态可能反映出对手臂摆动的显着依赖，而犀牛上皮形态可能反映出对一般攀爬的更多依赖。作为“摇摆”