Abstract Previous studies that quantified or simulated loads on a tie-in point (TIP) during climber ascents, abrupt stops during descents, and falls considered crown-anchored stationary rope systems (SRS). But climbers also use basal-anchored SRS when working in trees, and because both parts of the rope—lead and fall—carry a load, the TIP presumably bears a greater load than on a crown-anchored SRS. In this study, tension in the fall and lead of a rope used in a basal-anchored SRS was measured during climber ascents and abrupt stops during descents. As expected, loads borne by the TIP were greater than on a crown-anchored SRS. Loads also varied among three species selected for varying degrees of bark roughness; greater loads were borne on the TIPs of a smooth-barked species. It was also noteworthy that pre-loading a TIP to determine its safety, which climbers do before ascending, increased the total load during ascents, presumably because tension set during the pre-load was not released in the fall of the rope prior to the ascent. To reduce the likelihood of TIP failure, climbers are advised to take care when selecting a TIP that will support a basal-anchored SRS.

中文翻译：

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在基础锚定的固定绳索系统上上升和下降期间由连接点承受的载荷

摘要 先前的研究在登山者上升过程中量化或模拟连接点 (TIP) 上的载荷、下降过程中的突然停止以及坠落时被认为是冠锚固定绳索系统 (SRS)。但是登山者在树上工作时也会使用基部锚定 SRS，并且由于绳索的两个部分——引导和下落——都承载着负载，TIP 可能比在树冠锚定的 SRS 上承受更大的负载。在这项研究中，在登山者上升和下降过程中突然停止时，测量了用于基础锚定 SRS 的绳索在坠落和牵引时的张力。正如预期的那样，TIP 承受的载荷大于冠锚式 SRS。根据不同程度的树皮粗糙度选择的三个物种之间的负荷也有所不同。光滑树皮物种的 TIP 承受更大的负荷。还值得注意的是，预先加载 TIP 以确定其安全性，登山者在上升之前所做的，增加了上升过程中的总负载，大概是因为在上升之前绳索的下降没有释放在预加载期间设置的张力。为了减少 TIP 失败的可能性，建议登山者在选择支持基础锚定 SRS 的 TIP 时要小心。