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Norfloxacin induces apoptosis and necroptosis in human corneal epithelial cells.
Toxicology in Vitro ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104868
Ting Yang 1 , Ting-Jun Fan 1 , Bin Xu 1
Affiliation  

Norfloxacin (NOR) is applied clinically to treat keratitis. However, NOR has brought severe side-effects for human corneal epithelium (HCEP) due to overdose and potential toxicity. In this study, two in vitro experimental models including monolayer HCEP cells and tissue-engineered human corneal epithelium (TE-HCEP) were used to explore the cytotoxicity and its related mechanisms. The HCEP cells treated with NOR at concentrations from 0.1875 to 3.0 mg/mL displayed abnormal morphology, declined viability, and increased plasma membrane permeability. Moreover, 0.75 mg/mL NOR induced chromatin condensation, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, and formation of apoptotic body through activation of caspase-2/-8/-9/-3, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bad and Bax, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor into cytosol, whereas 1.5 mg/mL and 3.0 mg/mL NOR upregulated the expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) together with inactivation of caspase-2/-8. Furthermore, 0.1875-3.0 mg/mL NOR destroyed the multilayer structure of TE-HCEP model due to a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, which validated the above results. Overall, low-dose (0.1875-0.75 mg/mL) NOR induced apoptosis through mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated pathways, and high-dose (1.5-3.0 mg/mL) NOR triggered necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade in HCEP cells.

中文翻译:

诺氟沙星诱导人角膜上皮细胞凋亡和坏死性坏死。

诺氟沙星(NOR)在临床上用于治疗角膜炎。然而,由于过量和潜在的毒性,NOR给人角膜上皮(HCEP)带来了严重的副作用。在这项研究中,使用了两个体外实验模型,包括单层HCEP细胞和组织工程化的人角膜上皮(TE-HCEP),以探索细胞毒性及其相关机制。浓度为0.1875至3.0 mg / mL的NOR处理的HCEP细胞表现出异常的形态,活力下降和质膜通透性增加。此外,0.75 mg / mL NOR诱导染色质浓缩,S期阻滞,磷脂酰丝氨酸外化和通过激活caspase-2 / -8 / -9 / -3,Bcl-2和Bcl-xL的下调,上调而形成凋亡小体Bad and Bax,线粒体跨膜电位破坏和细胞色素c的释放以及细胞凋亡诱导因子进入胞质溶胶,而1.5 mg / mL和3.0 mg / mL NOR则上调了受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(RIPK1),RIPK3和混合谱系激酶结构域样( MLKL)和caspase-2 / -8的失活。此外,由于剂量依赖性细胞毒性,0.1875-3.0 mg / mL NOR破坏了TE-HCEP模型的多层结构,证实了上述结果。总体而言,小剂量(0.1875-0.75 mg / mL)NOR通过线粒体依赖性和死亡受体介导的途径诱导凋亡,而大剂量(1.5-3.0 mg / mL)NOR通过RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL级联反应引发坏死性坏死。 HCEP细胞。0 mg / mL NOR上调了受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(RIPK1),RIPK3和混合谱系激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)的表达,同时使caspase-2 / -8失活。此外,由于剂量依赖性细胞毒性,0.1875-3.0 mg / mL NOR破坏了TE-HCEP模型的多层结构,证实了上述结果。总体而言,小剂量(0.1875-0.75 mg / mL)NOR通过线粒体依赖性和死亡受体介导的途径诱导凋亡,而大剂量(1.5-3.0 mg / mL)NOR通过RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL级联反应引发坏死性坏死。 HCEP细胞。0 mg / mL NOR上调了受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(RIPK1),RIPK3和混合谱系激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)的表达,同时使caspase-2 / -8失活。此外,由于剂量依赖性细胞毒性,0.1875-3.0 mg / mL NOR破坏了TE-HCEP模型的多层结构,证实了上述结果。总体而言,小剂量(0.1875-0.75 mg / mL)NOR通过线粒体依赖性和死亡受体介导的途径诱导凋亡,而大剂量(1.5-3.0 mg / mL)NOR通过RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL级联反应引发坏死性坏死。 HCEP细胞。
更新日期:2020-04-19
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