Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectra were simulated using the Geant4 software package to quantify the elemental composition of a red ink contained in a medieval parchment. From comparison of the spectra emitted from a blank spot and a spot with the writing we have found that the ink contains significant amounts of lead and mercury. This allowed us to hypothesize that the ink was based on a natural mineral pigment minium with an admixture of cinnabar.

中文翻译：

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用红色墨水模拟中世纪羊皮纸的X射线荧光光谱

使用Geant4软件包模拟了同步加速器X射线荧光光谱，以量化包含在中世纪羊皮纸中的红色墨水的元素组成。通过比较空白斑点和斑点斑点发出的光谱，我们发现墨水中含有大量的铅和汞。这使我们可以假设墨水是基于天然矿物颜料的最小量，并掺有朱砂。