Purpose

To evaluate systemic risk factors of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, and meibomian gland dysfunction.

Methods

Three hundred and seventy-two community residents (222 females, 150 males; mean ± SD age, 39 ± 22 years) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Past medical history, dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session. The diagnosis of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, and meibomian gland dysfunction were based on the global consensus recommendations of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society's Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) and International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Results

Overall, 109 (29%) participants fulfilled the TFOS DEWS II criteria for dry eye disease, 42 (11%) had aqueous tear deficiency, and 95 (26%) had meibomian gland dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that systemic rheumatologic disease and antidepressant medication were independently associated with aqueous tear deficiency (both p < 0.05). Significant risk factors for meibomian gland dysfunction included age, East Asian ethnicity, migraine headaches, thyroid disease, and oral contraceptive therapy (all p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions

Both etiological subtypes of dry eye disease were associated with a number of systemic risk factors. These findings would support routine systemic inquiry of dry eye disease and associated systemic conditions and medications, in order to facilitate opportunistic screening and timely inter-disciplinary referral where necessary.

中文翻译：

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干眼病亚型的系统性危险因素：新西兰横断面研究。

目的

评估干眼病，眼泪水缺乏和睑板腺功能障碍的全身性危险因素。

方法

在一项横断面研究中，招募了372名社区居民（222名女性，150名男性；平均年龄±SD，39±22岁）。在单个临床疗程中对每位参与者的既往病史，干眼症状，眼表特征和泪膜质量进行了评估。干眼病，眼泪水缺乏症和睑板腺功能障碍的诊断是基于泪膜和眼表学会干眼研讨会II（TFOS DEWS II）和睑板腺功能障碍国际研讨会的全球共识建议。

结果

总体而言，有109名（29％）参与者符合干眼病的TFOS DEWS II标准，其中42名（11％）患有房水性泪液缺乏症，而95名（26％）患有睑板腺功能障碍。多因素logistic回归分析表明，系统性风湿病和抗抑郁药物与房水性泪液缺乏独立相关（均p <0.05）。睑板腺功能障碍的重要危险因素包括年龄，东亚种族，偏头痛，甲状腺疾病和口服避孕药（均p≤0.01）。

结论

两种干眼病的病因亚型均与许多系统性危险因素有关。这些发现将支持对干眼病以及相关全身疾病和药物的常规系统性研究，以便在必要时促进机会性筛查和及时的跨学科转诊。