Nanomaterials have provided an emerging solution to improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines against malignant tumors. However, developing nanoparticles possessing both potent immunoadjuvant and co-delivery activities without tedious functionalization remains challenging. In the present work, we report that pristine benzene-bridged mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles are a novel immunoadjuvant and co-delivery platform for both antigen and cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG, a toll-like receptor 9 agonist). It is shown that the chemical compositions of bridged organosilica framework (–Si–R–Si–OH, R = benzene, ethylene) have a significant impact on their functionalities. When benzene bridge groups are present in the framework, pristine nanoparticles with large mesopores and high pore volumes are able to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells, and efficiently co-encapsulate ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG for delivery into immune cells, leading to a superior tumor inhibition performance in an aggressive OVA-expressed B16F10 melanoma model, with 100% tumor-free mice in 25 days. Our study provides new knowledge in the design of effective cancer nanovaccines.

纳米材料已经提供了一种新兴的解决方案，以提高针对恶性肿瘤的癌症疫苗的功效。然而，开发既具有有效的免疫佐剂又具有共同递送活性且没有繁琐的功能化作用的纳米颗粒仍然具有挑战性。在当前的工作中，我们报告原始苯桥介孔有机二氧化硅纳米粒子是抗原和胞嘧啶-磷酸二酯-鸟嘌呤寡脱氧核苷酸（CpG，收费类受体9激动剂）的新型免疫佐剂和共递送平台。结果表明，桥接有机硅骨架的化学成分（–Si–R–Si–OH，R =苯，乙烯）对其功能有重大影响。当框架中存在苯桥基时，具有大中孔和高孔体积的原始纳米颗粒能够刺激树突状细胞的成熟，并有效地将卵清蛋白（OVA）和CpG共囊化以递送到免疫细胞中，从而在侵略性OVA表达的B16F10中具有优异的肿瘤抑制性能黑色素瘤模型，在25天内有100％无肿瘤的小鼠。我们的研究为有效的癌症纳米疫苗的设计提供了新的知识。