Abstract Model-Based Testing (MBT) has been successfully applied to Software Product Lines (SPL). This paper provides a panorama of state-of-the-art on MBT of SPLs. We performed a systematic mapping for answering questions related with domains, approaches, solution types, variability, test case automation, artifacts, and evaluation. We built a roadmap from 44 selected studies. Main obtained results are: Software and Automotive domains are most considered; Black-box testing is widely performed; most studies have fully-automated support; variability is considered in most studies; Finite State Machines is the most used model to test SPLs; Behavioral-based and Scenario-based are the most used models; Case Studies and Experiments are used to evaluate MBT solutions and the majority is performed in industrial environments; traceability is not widely explored for MBT solutions. Furthermore, we provide a roadmap synthesizing studies based on used models, more formal artifacts, supporting tools, variability management, (semi-)automation, and traceability. The roadmap contributes to identify related primary studies based on given artifacts, variability management, tools, automation, and traceability techniques and to identify, from a given primary study, which artifacts, tools, variability management, automation and traceability techniques are related. Therefore, the roadmap serves as a guide to researchers and practitioners on how to model-based test SPLs.

中文翻译：

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基于模型的软件产品线测试：映射研究和研究路线图

摘要 基于模型的测试 (MBT) 已成功应用于软件产品线 (SPL)。本文提供了 SPL 的 MBT 的最新技术全景。我们执行了系统映射，以回答与域、方法、解决方案类型、可变性、测试用例自动化、工件和评估相关的问题。我们从 44 项选定的研究中构建了路线图。主要获得的结果是： 软件和汽车领域被考虑最多；黑盒测试被广泛执行；大多数研究都有全自动支持；大多数研究都考虑了变异性；有限状态机是测试 SPL 最常用的模型；基于行为和基于场景是最常用的模型；案例研究和实验用于评估 MBT 解决方案，大部分在工业环境中进行；MBT 解决方案的可追溯性并未得到广泛探索。此外，我们提供了基于使用模型、更正式的工件、支持工具、可变性管理、（半）自动化和可追溯性综合研究的路线图。路线图有助于根据给定的工件、可变性管理、工具、自动化和可追溯性技术识别相关的主要研究，并从给定的主要研究中确定哪些工件、工具、可变性管理、自动化和可追溯性技术是相关的。因此，该路线图可作为研究人员和从业人员如何基于模型测试 SPL 的指南。路线图有助于根据给定的工件、可变性管理、工具、自动化和可追溯性技术识别相关的主要研究，并从给定的主要研究中确定哪些工件、工具、可变性管理、自动化和可追溯性技术是相关的。因此，该路线图可作为研究人员和从业人员如何基于模型测试 SPL 的指南。路线图有助于根据给定的工件、可变性管理、工具、自动化和可追溯性技术识别相关的主要研究，并从给定的主要研究中确定哪些工件、工具、可变性管理、自动化和可追溯性技术是相关的。因此，该路线图可作为研究人员和从业人员如何基于模型测试 SPL 的指南。