In this study, juglone nanoparticles were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method and their effect against Candida albicans biofilm was investigated in comparison with the free juglone and Fluconazole by performing XTT, crystal violet, standard plate count, confocal microscopy and membrane depolarization analyses. Juglone nanoparticles and free juglone were found to inhibit biofilm formation and pre-established biofilms (98-100%) at all doses tested, whereas Fluconazole did not cause a significant inhibition, even at the highest dose applied, especially against pre-established biofilms. Membrane depolarization analysis showed that free juglone and juglone loaded nanoparticles were effective on C. albicans membrane structure and have fluorescence quenching effect on DiSC3(5). It is extremely important that the antibiofilm activity of the juglone nanoparticles is similar to that of the juglone used at the same concentration, since similar effect is provided by using less active substance due to controlled release. Accordingly, it can easily be said that juglone loaded nanoparticles are much more effective in the formation and elimination of C. albicans biofilm than the free juglone and Fluconazole.

中文翻译：

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对抗生物膜感染的斗争：装满朱古力的纳米颗粒作为抗候选剂。

在这项研究中，通过单乳液溶剂蒸发法制备了朱古龙纳米颗粒，并通过进行XTT，结晶紫，标准平板计数，共聚焦显微镜和膜去极化分析，研究了其对游离念珠菌和氟康唑的白色念珠菌生物膜的作用。发现Juglone纳米颗粒和游离Juglone在所有测试剂量下均能抑制生物膜形成和预先建立的生物膜（98-100％），而Fluconazole甚至在最高剂量下也不会引起明显的抑制作用，尤其是针对预先建立的生物膜。膜去极化分析表明，游离的朱古力和载有朱古力的纳米粒子对白色念珠菌膜结构有效，并对DiSC3具有荧光猝灭作用（5）。非常重要的是，朱古龙纳米颗粒的抗生物膜活性类似于在相同浓度下使用的朱古龙的抗生物膜活性，这是因为由于控释而使用较少的活性物质可提供相似的效果。因此，可以很容易地说，装载了朱古力的纳米粒子比游离的朱古力和氟康唑在形成和消除白色念珠菌生物膜方面更为有效。