In recent years, Industry 4.0 has gained relevance in the manufacturing sector. On one hand, it is expected that this new paradigm will affect the entire value chain and increase the capabilities of the manufacturing system as a whole, in terms of interoperability and communication throughout factories and beyond. On the other hand, considering that small and medium-sized enterprises represent one of the main forces in economic development and employment generation, focus is shifting toward said manufacturing paradigm in order to ensure competitiveness in the market in the nearby future. However, economic factors could stand in the way of this migration. Thus, digital retrofit is seen as a possibility for the integration of Industry 4.0, paving the way for unappealing technologies to large investment opportunities. In this article, a thorough literary review is performed regarding the formal implementation of Industry 4.0 applications. The result is the Asset Administration Shell model. Afterward, a methodology is proposed for the design and implementation of the Asset Administration Shell, leading to a digital retrofit approach for manufacturing resources. Finally, the methodology is applied in a turning station, thereby validating an increase in the communication and interoperability of the station, which can be used to add overall value to the manufacturing system.

中文翻译：

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数字化改造：将工业 4.0 应用于中小型企业的制造系统的第一步

近年来，工业 4.0 在制造业中越来越重要。一方面，预计这种新范式将影响整个价值链，并在整个工厂内外的互操作性和通信方面提高整个制造系统的能力。另一方面，考虑到中小企业是经济发展和创造就业的主要力量之一，重点正在转向制造范式，以确保在不久的将来在市场上具有竞争力。然而，经济因素可能会阻碍这种迁移。因此，数字化改造被视为工业 4.0 整合的一种可能性，为不具吸引力的技术带来大量投资机会铺平了道路。在本文中，对工业 4.0 应用程序的正式实施进行了彻底的文学审查。结果是资产管理外壳模型。之后，提出了一种设计和实施资产管理壳的方法，导致制造资源的数字化改造方法。最后，该方法应用于车削站，从而验证站的通信和互操作性的增加，这可用于增加制造系统的整体价值。导致制造资源的数字化改造方法。最后，该方法应用于车削站，从而验证站的通信和互操作性的增加，这可用于增加制造系统的整体价值。导致制造资源的数字化改造方法。最后，该方法应用于车削站，从而验证站的通信和互操作性的增加，这可用于增加制造系统的整体价值。