An increasing number of people are spending time in Polar Regions for work and tourism and this can increase the risk of tissue injuries, e.g. frostbite. The risk would be reduced if beneficial peripheral blood flow adaptions occurred but data regarding the trainability of the cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response are equivocal. Five healthy males spent almost 8 months in Antarctica; five of them at a semi-permanent camp (− 44 °C; 2752 m). CIVD tests (30 min index finger immersion into 0 °C water) were performed on the 12th, 39–40th, 67–68th, 179th and 234th days of the expedition in a climate-controlled caboose. Heart rate (HR), thermal sensation of the finger, pain sensation, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. Minimum, maximum, and mean finger temperature were greater, onset time was earlier ( r = 0.34), and amplitude was greater ( r = 0.55) on day 234 than day 12 suggesting that adaptation occurred. Time-point data suggested that the adaptations were progressive. Cardiovascular and perceptual data also showed some adaptation. MAP was lower on day 234 than day 12 ( r = 0.47 and r = 0.47) but mean HR was higher ( r = 0.55). Mean and peak thermal sensation ( r = 0.31–0.59; r = 0.31) and perceived pain ( r = 0.58; r = 0.36) both improved over the course of the expedition. Of interest to Polar Region visitors, beneficial peripheral and perceptual adaptations to prolonged Antarctic exposure can occur with 2 h of daily outdoor exposure although the rates at which adaptation occurs differ.

中文翻译：

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南极探险期间的个位数寒冷引起的血管舒张适应

越来越多的人在极地地区工作和旅游，这会增加组织受伤的风险，例如冻伤。如果发生有益的外周血流适应，风险将降低，但有关冷诱导血管舒张 (CIVD) 反应可训练性的数据是模棱两可的。五名健康​​男性在南极洲度过了将近 8 个月；其中五个在半永久性营地（- 44 °C；2752 m）。CIVD 测试（食指浸入 0 °C 水中 30 分钟）在气候受控的守车中在探险的第 12、39-40、67-68、179 和 234 天进行。记录心率 (HR)、手指热感觉、痛觉和平均动脉压 (MAP)。最低、最高和平均手指温度较大，发病时间较早（ r = 0.34），第 234 天的振幅大于第 12 天（r = 0.55），表明发生了适应。时间点数据表明适应是渐进的。心血管和知觉数据也显示出一些适应性。第 234 天的 MAP 低于第 12 天（r = 0.47 和 r = 0.47），但平均 HR 更高（r = 0.55）。平均和峰值热感觉 (r = 0.31–0.59; r = 0.31) 和感知疼痛 (r = 0.58; r = 0.36) 在探险过程中均有所改善。极地地区游客感兴趣的是，尽管适应发生的速度不同，但每天在户外暴露 2 小时可以对长期暴露于南极的有益的外周和知觉适应发生。心血管和知觉数据也显示出一些适应性。第 234 天的 MAP 低于第 12 天（r = 0.47 和 r = 0.47），但平均 HR 更高（r = 0.55）。平均和峰值热感觉 (r = 0.31–0.59; r = 0.31) 和感知疼痛 (r = 0.58; r = 0.36) 在探险过程中均有所改善。极地地区游客感兴趣的是，尽管适应发生的速度不同，但每天在户外暴露 2 小时可以对长时间的南极暴露产生有益的外周和知觉适应。心血管和知觉数据也显示出一些适应性。第 234 天的 MAP 低于第 12 天（r = 0.47 和 r = 0.47），但平均 HR 更高（r = 0.55）。平均和峰值热感觉 (r = 0.31–0.59; r = 0.31) 和感知疼痛 (r = 0.58; r = 0.36) 在探险过程中均有所改善。极地地区游客感兴趣的是，尽管适应发生的速度不同，但每天在户外暴露 2 小时可以对长时间的南极暴露产生有益的外周和知觉适应。