The pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata radiata is an iconic species in Qatar, representing an integral part of the nation's cultural heritage and one of the main economic foundations upon which the nation developed. During the early part of the 20th century, nearly half the Qatar population was involved in the pearl oyster industry. However, the fishery has undergone steady decline since the 1930s, and the species is now under threat due to multiple confounding pressures. This manuscript presents the first de novo transcriptome of the Qatari pearl oyster assembled into 30,739 non-redundant coding sequences and with a BUSCO completeness score of 98.4%. Analysis of the transcriptome reveals the close evolutionary distance to the conspecific animal Pinctada imbricata fucata but also highlights differences in immune genes and the presence of distinctive transposon families, suggesting recent adaptive divergence. This data is made available for all to utilise in future studies on the species.

牡蛎牡蛎Pinctada inbricata radiata是卡塔尔的标志性物种，代表了该国文化遗产的组成部分，是该国赖以发展的主要经济基础之一。在20世纪初期，近一半的卡塔尔人口参与了牡蛎产业。但是，自1930年代以来，渔业一直在稳步下降，由于多重混杂压力，该物种目前正受到威胁。该手稿展示了卡塔尔牡蛎的第一个从头转录组，该转录组组装成30,739个非冗余编码序列，且BUSCO完整性评分为98.4％。转录组的分析揭示了与特定动物Pinctada imbricata fucata的近距离进化距离但也强调了免疫基因的差异和独特的转座子家族的存在，表明最近的适应性差异。该数据可供所有人使用，以供以后对该物种进行研究。