This paper presents new descriptions of Anacardiaceae fossil woods from the Ituzaingó Formation (late Cenozoic) at the Toma Vieja, Curtiembre, and Arroyo El Espinillo localities, Argentina. We describe eight silicified woods assigned to four different species in three genera, one of which,Parametopioxylon crystalliferumn. gen. n. sp., is new. Similarities between these three genera and the six Anacardiaceae species previously recorded from the late Cenozoic in northeastern Argentina are investigated using multivariate analysis techniques (correspondence and cluster analysis). Our study is based on 33 characters scored for 17 fossil specimens (10AstroniumxylonBrea, Aceñolaza, and Zucol 2001; fiveSchinopsixylonLutz, 1979; and twoParametopioxylonn. gen.) and four extant species (Astronium balansaeEngl.,Astronium urundeuvaEngl.,Schinopsis balansaeEngl., andMetopiumsp.). Our main goal is to determine the wood anatomical features useful for distinguishing among these species. Results of the multivariate analyses support the previous classification whereSchinopsixylonis distinguished fromAstroniumxylonby having exclusively paratracheal axial parenchyma, ≥30% multiseriate rays, and multiseriate rays that are ≥5 cells wide and commonly 301–400 μm in height. Additionally, we propose thatSchinopsixylon heckiiLutz, 1979 is synonymous withS.herbstiiLutz, 1979. A diagnostic key for the fossil species studied is given. Wood anatomy of Anacardiaceae fossil woods from Argentina (late Cenozoic) suggests a warm, dry to semi-humid climate for this region, supporting previous studies.

中文翻译：

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Astroniumxylon、Schinopsixylon 和 Parametopioxylonn。将军 阿根廷上新生代木材化石：分类修订、新分类和新记录

本文介绍了来自阿根廷库尔蒂姆布雷和阿罗约 El Espinillo 地区 Toma Vieja 的 Ituzaingó 组（新生代晚期）的漆树科木化石的新描述。我们描述了八种硅化木材，属于三个属的四种不同物种，其中一种，副甲氧杂草n. 将军 n. sp.，是新的。使用多元分析技术（对应和聚类分析）研究了这三个属与先前从阿根廷东北部新生代晚期记录的六种漆树科物种之间的相似性。我们的研究基于对 17 个化石标本（10锶木聚糖Brea、Aceñolaza 和 Zucol 2001；五灵芝卢茨，1979；和两个副甲氧苄啶n. gen.) 和四个现存的物种 (天竺葵英文,天竺葵英文,拟南芥英语和美托邦sp。）。我们的主要目标是确定可用于区分这些物种的木材解剖特征。多变量分析的结果支持之前的分类，其中灵芝区别于锶木聚糖仅具有气管旁轴向薄壁组织、≥30% 的多列射线和≥5 个细胞宽且通常高度为 301-400 μm 的多列射线。此外，我们建议黑木松Lutz, 1979 是同义词小号.草本Lutz, 1979。给出了所研究的化石物种的诊断关键。来自阿根廷（新生代晚期）的漆树科化石木材的木材解剖表明该地区气候温暖，干燥至半湿润，支持先前的研究。