An organism exposed to a plethora of environmental perturbations undergoes proteomic changes which enable the characterization of total proteins in it. Much of the proteomic information is obtained from genomic data. Additional information on the proteome such as posttranslational modifications, protein–protein interactions, protein localization, metabolic pathways, and so on are deduced using proteomic tools which genomics and transcriptomics fail to offer. The proteomic analysis allows identification of precise changes in proteins, which in turn solve the complexity of microbial population providing insights into the microbial metabolism, cellular pathways, and behavior of microorganisms in new environments. Furthermore, they provide clues for the exploitation of their special features for biotechnological applications. Numerous techniques for the analysis of microbial proteome such as electrophoretic, chromatographic, mass spectrometric‐based methods as well as quantitative proteomics are available which facilitate protein separation, expression, identification, and quantification of proteins. An understanding of the potential of each of the proteomic tools has created a significant impact on diverse microbiological aspects and the same has been discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质组学探测微生物的潜力

暴露于过多环境扰动的生物体会经历蛋白质组学变化，从而能够表征其中的总蛋白质。许多蛋白质组信息是从基因组数据中获得的。使用基因组学和转录组学无法提供的蛋白质组学工具推断出有关蛋白质组的其他信息，例如翻译后修饰、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、蛋白质定位、代谢途径等。蛋白质组学分析允许识别蛋白质的精确变化，从而解决微生物种群的复杂性，提供对微生物代谢、细胞途径和微生物在新环境中的行为的深入了解。此外，它们为利用其特殊功能进行生物技术应用提供了线索。有多种微生物蛋白质组分析技术，例如基于电泳、色谱、质谱的方法以及定量蛋白质组学，可促进蛋白质的分离、表达、鉴定和定量。对每种蛋白质组学工具潜力的理解对不同的微生物学方面产生了重大影响，本综述也讨论了这一点。