Genetic diversity studies are crucial for understanding the genetic structure and evolutionary dynamics of fungal species and communities. Fungal genomes are often reshaped by their repetitive components such as transposable elements. These elements are key players in genomic rearrangements and are ideal targets for genetic diversity and evolutionary studies. Herein, we used three Ty3/Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons, Grasshopper, Maggy, and Pyret, for genetic differentiation and diversity in soil and plant pathogenic fungi, representing diverse species, order, and phyla. Pyret DNA markers showed the highest gene diversity and Shannon's information indices, followed by Maggy and Grasshopper. The observed high levels of multilocus polymorphism indicate the continuous mobility of these elements after their transfer in the new host. In conclusion, this study presents novel markers for genetic differentiation and evolutionary studies of fungi, and sheds light on the prevalence of gene acquisition phenomenon in field fungi.

中文翻译：

---

Ty3/Gypsy LTR反转录转座子标记在土壤和植物病原真菌中的遗传分化和系统发育潜力

遗传多样性研究对于了解真菌物种和群落的遗传结构和进化动力学至关重要。真菌基因组经常被它们的重复成分（例如转座因子）重塑。这些元素是基因组重排的关键参与者，是遗传多样性和进化研究的理想目标。在此，我们使用了三个 Ty3/Gypsy 长末端重复反转录转座子 Grasshopper、Maggy 和 Pyret，用于土壤和植物病原真菌的遗传分化和多样性，代表不同的物种、目和门。Pyret DNA 标记显示出最高的基因多样性和香农信息指数，其次是 Maggy 和 Grasshopper。观察到的高水平多位点多态性表明这些元素在转移到新宿主后的连续移动性。