We reviewed 199 published data sets (21 species) to assess the relative frequency of various density‐dependent processes in salmonids. We examined studies for the presence or absence of density‐dependence: in growth, mortality, fecundity and recruitment. Based on data from all studies pooled 71% showed density‐dependence in growth, 23% found density‐dependence in mortality, 2% detected density‐dependence in fecundity and 4% displayed density‐dependence in recruitment. Most studies at the population level (e.g. changes in abundance or means of growth, mortality or fecundity) demonstrated density‐dependence; however, these studies were not common, likely because they require long time series of data (at least 3–4 times mean generation time for the species). Our review indicated there was no evidence that the probability of finding density‐dependent effects differed among the 21 species examined, but the number of studies per species varied substantially (5 [minimum for analysis] – 20+); hence, this finding should be viewed as tentative. Most salmonid species showed evidence of density‐dependence in growth; however, few studies examined density‐dependent effects on fecundity or recruitment, and further study is needed on these phenomena. There was no evidence that density‐dependent effects were restricted to a particular habitat type or geographic region.

中文翻译：

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对鲑鱼种群的密度依赖性影响：综述

我们回顾了 199 个已发表的数据集（21 个物种），以评估鲑鱼中各种密度依赖过程的相对频率。我们检查了是否存在密度依赖性的研究：生长、死亡率、繁殖力和招募。根据所有研究汇总的数据，71% 显示生长密度依赖，23% 发现死亡率依赖密度，2% 检测到繁殖密度依赖，4% 显示招募密度依赖。大多数人口水平的研究（例如丰度或生长方式、死亡率或繁殖力的变化）证明了密度依赖性；然而，这些研究并不常见，可能是因为它们需要很长的时间序列数据（至少是该物种平均世代时间的 3-4 倍）。我们的审查表明，没有证据表明在所检查的 21 个物种中发现密度依赖效应的可能性不同，但每个物种的研究数量差异很大（5 [最少分析] – 20+）；因此，这一发现应被视为暂定的。大多数鲑鱼物种在生长中表现出密度依赖性的证据；然而，很少有研究考察密度依赖性对繁殖力或募集的影响，需要对这些现象进行进一步研究。没有证据表明密度依赖效应仅限于特定的栖息地类型或地理区域。大多数鲑鱼物种在生长中表现出密度依赖性的证据；然而，很少有研究考察密度依赖性对繁殖力或募集的影响，需要对这些现象进行进一步研究。没有证据表明密度依赖效应仅限于特定的栖息地类型或地理区域。大多数鲑鱼物种在生长中表现出密度依赖性的证据；然而，很少有研究考察密度依赖性对繁殖力或募集的影响，需要对这些现象进行进一步研究。没有证据表明密度依赖效应仅限于特定的栖息地类型或地理区域。