Rates of depression among adolescents are alarmingly high. School belonging is among the strongest predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms. Research in the adult literature indicates that context-specific belonging may contribute to an overarching sense of general belonging, which may be a stronger and more proximal predictor. This is the first study to explore the importance of general belonging among a community sample of adolescents to understand its interrelationship with school belonging in predicting depression. This multisite study includes 502 adolescents aged 13–17 from four geographically distinct Australian schools (rural, coastal, regional city, and capital city). Participants completed questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms, school, and general belonging. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that school belonging, general belonging, and depressive symptoms are unique, separable constructs. Mediated regression revealed that school and general belonging accounted for 33.6% and 48.2% of the variance in depressive symptoms, respectively. General belonging partially mediated the association between school belonging and depressive symptoms, with school belonging expressing all but 7.8% of its influence on depression through general belonging. Results indicate that general belonging appears to have eclipsed school belonging as the largest known single independent correlate of adolescent depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, general belonging is strongly influenced by school belonging (accounting for approximately 35.0% of its variance). The strengths of the associations direct us to consider both context-specific and general belonging in the assessment, treatment, and prevention of adolescent depression.

中文翻译：

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一般归属感是青少年抑郁症状的关键预测因子，部分介导学校归属感

青少年的抑郁症发生率非常高。学校归属感是青少年抑郁症状的最强预测指标之一。成人文献中的研究表明，特定于上下文的归属感可能有助于总体归属感的总体感觉，这可能是一个更强，更接近的预测指标。这是第一个探索青少年社区样本中普遍归属感的重要性的研究，以了解其与学校归属感在预测抑郁中的相互关系。这项多地点研究包括来自澳大利亚四所地理上不同的学校（农村，沿海，地区性城市和首都）的502名13-17岁的青少年。参与者完成了调查问卷，以测量抑郁症状，学校和一般归属感。验证性因素分析表明，学校归属感，一般的归属感和抑郁症状是独特的，可分离的结构。中介回归显示，学校和普通家庭分别占抑郁症状方差的33.6％和48.2％。一般归属感部分地介导了学校归属感与抑郁症状之间的联系，学校归属感通过普通归属感表达了其对抑郁症的影响，但只有7.8％。结果表明，一般的财产似乎使学校的财产黯然失色，因为它是青少年抑郁症状的最大已知单一独立相关因素。但是，普通所有制受学校所有制的强烈影响（约占其差异的35.0％）。协会的优势引导我们在评估，治疗，