Gymnodinium smaydae is a fast-growing mixotrophic dinoflagellate. This study investigated whether light intensity (0–346 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and temperature (5–35 °C) affect the autotrophic or mixotrophic growth rate or ingestion rate of Gymnodinium smaydae GSSH1005. At all light intensities tested, G. smaydae GSSH1005 showed negative autotrophic growth rates, but positive mixotrophic growth rates when feeding on Heterocapsa rotundata. However, both autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates were significantly affected by light intensity. The mixotrophic growth rates at 0–6 µmol photons m−2 s−1 were 0.67–0.72 day−1; they increased up to 1.28 day−1 at 58 µmol photons m−2 s−1, but became saturated at higher light intensities. The ingestion rates were also significantly affected by light intensity. The maximum ingestion rate of 2.3 ng C predator−1 day−1 was achieved at 58 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Although the autotrophic growth rates were negative at all temperatures tested, the mixotrophic growth rates were positive at 10–32 °C. Both autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates were significantly affected by temperature. The maximum mixotrophic growth rate of 1.55 day−1 was noted at 25 °C. The ingestion rates were also significantly affected by temperature. The maximum ingestion rate of 4.2 ng C predator−1 day−1 was noted at 32 °C. Therefore, both light intensity and temperature can affect the population dynamics of G. smaydae GSSH1005.

中文翻译：

---

辐照度和温度对专性混合营养型鞭毛藻 Gymnodinium smaydae 生长和摄食的影响

Gymnodinium smaydae 是一种快速生长的混合营养鞭毛藻。本研究调查了光强度（0–346 µmol 光子 m−2 s−1）和温度（5–35 °C）是否影响 Gymnodinium smaydae GSSH1005 的自养或混养生长速率或摄食速率。在测试的所有光强度下，G. smaydae GSSH1005 在以 Heterocapsa rotundata 为食时显示出负的自养增长率，但显示正的混合营养增长率。然而，自养和混养生长速率都受到光照强度的显着影响。0-6 µmol 光子 m-2 s-1 的混合营养增长率为 0.67-0.72 天-1；它们在 58 µmol 光子 m-2 s-1 时增加到 1.28 天-1，但在更高的光强度下变得饱和。摄取率也受到光强度的显着影响。最大摄取速率 2。在 58 µmol 光子 m−2 s−1 下实现了 3 ng C 捕食者−1 天−1。尽管自养生长率在所有测试温度下均为负数，但混养生长率在 10-32 °C 时为正数。自养和混养生长速率均受温度显着影响。在 25 °C 时注意到最大混合营养生长率为 1.55 天-1。摄食率也受温度的显着影响。在 32°C 时注意到 4.2 ng C 捕食者-1 天-1 的最大摄入率。因此，光强度和温度都会影响 G. smaydae GSSH1005 的种群动态。自养和混养生长速率均受温度显着影响。在 25 °C 时注意到最大混合营养生长率为 1.55 天-1。摄食率也受温度的显着影响。在 32°C 时注意到 4.2 ng C 捕食者-1 天-1 的最大摄入率。因此，光强度和温度都会影响 G. smaydae GSSH1005 的种群动态。自养和混养生长速率均受温度显着影响。在 25 °C 时注意到最大混合营养生长率为 1.55 天-1。摄食率也受温度的显着影响。在 32°C 时注意到 4.2 ng C 捕食者-1 天-1 的最大摄入率。因此，光强度和温度都会影响灰斑狼蛛 GSSH1005 的种群动态。