The identification of mechanisms that have generated biodiversity is one of the major tasks in biogeography and evolutionary biology. Here, using a set of environmental variables and historical presence records, we assessed whether closely related allopatric lineages in the Arremon brunneinucha (Aves: Passerellidae) complex are either more ecologically similar or different throughout their distribution in Mesoamerica. Using PCA-env approximation, niche similarity tests, and comparative approaches, we analysed niche evolution in this species complex and the relative role of geographic and environmental factors on shaping lineage divergence. Our results suggest that most (95.24%) of the evolutionary lineages included in the A. brunneinucha complex have a null to low climatic niche overlap (Schoener’s D = 0.0–0.2), in addition, our data rejected the hypothesis of niche similarity among these lineages in 17 paired comparison cases (80.94%). We found that allopatric and nearly parapatric lineages both show evidence that their ecological niches have been maintained by sharp climatic gradients. These patterns suggest that divergence in these evolutionary lineages has been promoted due to different environmental conditions and evolutionary pressures, which in concert with geographical barriers to gene flow, have led to diversification in the A. brunneinucha complex throughout Mesoamerica.

中文翻译：

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中美洲景观中的Arremon brunneinucha复合体（Aves：Passerellidae）的气候生态位演变

查明产生生物多样性的机制是生物地理学和进化生物学的主要任务之一。在这里，我们使用一组环境变量和历史存在记录，评估了Arremon brunneinucha（Aves：Passerellidae）复合体中密切相关的异源谱系在整个中美洲的生态分布上是否更相似或更不同。使用PCA-env逼近，生态位相似性测试和比较方法，我们分析了该物种复合体中的生态位演变以及地理和环境因素在塑造谱系散布中的相对作用。我们的结果表明，大多数（95.24％）的进化谱系都包含在A. brunneinucha中复杂的气候生态位重叠为零到低（Schoener的D = 0.0-0.2），此外，我们的数据在17个配对的比较案例中拒绝了这些谱系之间生态位相似性的假设（80.94％）。我们发现同种异体和近亲世系都显示出他们的生态位已被急剧的气候梯度所维持的证据。这些模式表明，由于不同的环境条件和进化压力，促进了这些进化谱系的分化，这与基因流动的地理障碍协同作用，导致了整个中美洲的布鲁氏菌复杂化。