Abstract.

The hazards associated with travelling on highways in desert regions arise mainly from wind-borne sand disasters, such as complete or partial burial of the road surface by sand particles, and from erosion of the roadbed by the particles. To simulate the damage process caused by sand particles on roads in the desert, scaled-down tests were performed in a wind tunnel whereby sand particles of differing diameters and roadbed models of different gradients were tested and the impact trajectories of the sand particles were captured using a high-speed camera. The results showed that the impact trajectories may be classified into four types, and the proportion of each type is essentially stable with the statistical curves for the trajectories being similar to the Poisson distribution. The diameters of the sand particles and the slopes of the roadbed model influenced the impact trajectories, which also impacted the statistical values for each particle type. Owing to the Magnus force, the direction of rotation and the angular velocity of the sand particles controlled the nature of the collision trajectories; however, the direction of rotation did not remain in a fixed plane and the rotation speed only reached about 20% of the value of the first critical speed. The wind tunnel experiments enable a better understanding of the motion trajectories, rotation speed, force situation, and collision trajectories, providing a useful benchmark for research on wind-induced disasters on roads in desert regions.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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风洞实验用于风沙运动轨迹的动态建模和分析。

摘要。

与沙漠地区公路行驶相关的危害主要来自风传播的沙尘灾害，例如沙粒完全或部分掩埋道路表面，以及沙粒侵蚀路基。为了模拟沙粒在沙漠道路上造成的破坏过程，在风洞中进行了按比例缩小的测试，其中测试了不同直径的沙粒和不同坡度的路基模型，并使用以下方法捕获了沙粒的撞击轨迹高速相机。结果表明，冲击轨迹可分为四种类型，每种类型的比例基本稳定，轨迹的统计曲线与泊松分布相似。沙粒的直径和路基模型的坡度会影响冲击轨迹，这也会影响每种颗粒类型的统计值。由于马格努斯力，砂粒的旋转方向和角速度控制了碰撞轨迹的性质。但是，旋转方向并没有保持在一个固定的平面上，旋转速度仅达到了第一临界速度值的20％左右。风洞实验可以更好地了解运动轨迹，转速，受力情况和碰撞轨迹，从而为研究沙漠地区道路上的风灾提供了有用的基准。砂粒的旋转方向和角速度控制了碰撞轨迹的性质。但是，旋转方向并没有保持在一个固定的平面上，旋转速度仅达到了第一临界速度值的20％左右。风洞实验可以更好地了解运动轨迹，旋转速度，受力情况和碰撞轨迹，从而为研究沙漠地区道路上的风灾提供了有用的基准。砂粒的旋转方向和角速度控制了碰撞轨迹的性质。但是，旋转方向并没有保持在一个固定的平面上，旋转速度仅达到了第一临界速度值的20％左右。风洞实验可以更好地了解运动轨迹，转速，受力情况和碰撞轨迹，从而为研究沙漠地区道路上的风灾提供了有用的基准。

图形概要