The high density extensive air shower array along with large area (560 m 2 ) muon telescope of GRAPES-3 at Ooty is used to make precise measurements of cosmic ray properties by using the secondaries produced through cascades in the Earth’s atmosphere. The observed particle density at detector level is affected by atmospheric effects primarily due to variations in the pressure and temperature. Here, an attempt is made to simulate these phenomena that can provide a deeper understanding of these effects. In this study, the pressure dependence of the observed particle densities at GRAPES-3 is simulated by varying the atmospheric profiles available in CORSIKA for proton showers in the energy range of 10 13 –10 16 eV. A comparative study of various combinations of hadronic interaction generators available in CORSIKA has been used to investigate the consistency of the results obtained and their broad implications have been intensely discussed.

中文翻译：

---

模拟大气压力对 GRAPES-3 粒子密度的依赖性

Ooty 的 GRAPES-3 的高密度大面积空气簇射阵列和大面积 (560 m 2 ) μ 子望远镜用于通过使用地球大气层级联产生的次级粒子对宇宙射线特性进行精确测量。在探测器级别观察到的粒子密度主要受大气效应的影响，主要是由于压力和温度的变化。在这里，我们尝试模拟这些现象，以便更深入地了解这些影响。在这项研究中，通过改变 CORSIKA 中可用的大气剖面来模拟 GRAPES-3 观测到的粒子密度的压力依赖性，可用于 10 13 –10 16 eV 能量范围内的质子簇射。