In this study, a zoantharian specimen was found associated with a gorgonian colony of the genus Nicella (Anthozoa, Octocorallia), representing the first zoantharian-octocoral association reported from the southwestern Atlantic. Unexpectedly, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial (COI and mt 16S rDNA) and nuclear (ITS-rDNA) markers assigned the specimen to the widely distributed species Parazoanthus cf. swiftii, known until now to associate exclusively with sponges (Porifera). In the sampled locality (Alcatrazes Archipelago, São Paulo State), P. cf. swiftii has been observed to associate with both sponges and octocoral. We review the literature and discuss the specificity of biotic substrate associations in Zoantharia and suggest that many interactions may not be as host-specific as previously thought. Such flexibility in habitat choice may provide the mechanisms that have allowed zoantharians to adapt and associate with a wide range of invertebrate hosts across evolutionary time scales.

中文翻译：

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八颌相关的寄生虫cf. 来自西南大西洋的swiftii

在这项研究中，发现了一个带黄藻的标本与尼古拉属的高哥氏菌落（Anthozoa，Octocorallia）有关，代表了西南大西洋地区报道的第一个带黄藻的八角虫。不料，线粒体的系统发育分析（COI和MT的16S rDNA）和核（ITS-基因）标记分配样品到广布种Parazoanthus比照 swiftii，迄今为止已知仅与海绵结合（Porifera）。在抽样地点（圣保罗州的恶魔岛），P。cf. swiftii据观察，它与海绵和八面体有关。我们回顾了文献，并讨论了百日草属中生物底物缔合的特异性，并建议许多相互作用可能不像以前认为的那样具有宿主特异性。栖息地选择的这种灵活性可能提供了使动物黄土动物适应整个进化时间尺度上的各种无脊椎动物宿主并与之相关联的机制。