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Sedimentological implications of microbial mats, gypsum, and halite in Dhahban solar saltwork, Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia
Facies ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s10347-020-0594-z
Mahmoud A. Aref , Rushdi J. Taj , Ammar A. Mannaa

Microbial mats and gypsum exist in concentration ponds due to the first stage of evaporation, whereas halite is present in the crystallizers with continuous seawater evaporation, in the saltwork of Dhahban area, north of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Several gypsum and halite facies types are distinguished in response to differences in microbial activity, salinity, topography of the ponds, water depth and wave energy. Two gypsum facies are recognized; planar–wavy gypsum microbialite and domal gypsum stromatolite at the relatively low salinity, inlet margin, and the relatively high salinity, outlet margin of the concentration ponds, respectively. They consist of fine and coarse, fibrous and swallowtail twin gypsum crystals that nucleate on the surface of microbial mats. Halite crystallizes at the brine surface as floating cumulates and rafts, and at the bottom of the ponds as vertically elongated chevrons and cornets. Lateral chevrons grow at the bottom of the ponds and at the brine surface in association with vertical chevrons and halite spheroids, respectively. Fluid-inclusion bands are regular and symmetrical in halite crystals, or show asymmetrical and indistinct layers in chevrons, and as a continuous layer over top of cumulates and rafts. This study suggests that saltworks represent a valuable ‘laboratory’ for the study of the primary depositional features of gypsum and halite crystals that are related to microbial activity, salinity, depth and/or energy conditions. The results can be used to infer physical energy conditions for deposition of gypsum and halite in ancient evaporitic basins.

中文翻译:

沙特阿拉伯红海沿岸 Dhahban 太阳能盐场中微生物垫、石膏和岩盐的沉积学意义

由于第一阶段蒸发,微生物垫和石膏存在于浓缩池中,而在沙特阿拉伯吉达市以北的 Dhahban 地区的盐场中,随着海水持续蒸发,石盐存在于结晶器中。根据微生物活动、盐度、池塘地形、水深和波浪能的差异,可以区分几种石膏和岩盐相类型。识别出两个石膏相;平面 - 分别位于浓缩池相对低盐度的入口边缘和相对高盐度的出口边缘的波浪状石膏微生物岩和球状石膏叠层石。它们由细而粗、纤维状和燕尾状的孪晶石膏晶体组成,它们在微生物垫的表面成核。岩盐在卤水表面结晶成漂浮物和筏子,在池塘的底部是垂直拉长的人字形和短号。横向 V 形在池塘底部和盐水表面分别与垂直 V 形和岩盐球体相关联。流体包裹带在岩盐晶体中规则和对称,或在人字形中显示不对称和模糊的层,并作为堆积物和筏顶部的连续层。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。横向 V 形在池塘底部和盐水表面分别与垂直 V 形和岩盐球体相关联。流体包裹带在岩盐晶体中规则和对称,或在人字形中显示不对称和模糊的层,并作为堆积物和筏顶部的连续层。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。横向 V 形在池塘底部和盐水表面分别与垂直 V 形和岩盐球体相关联。流体包裹带在岩盐晶体中规则和对称,或在人字形中显示不对称和模糊的层,并作为堆积物和筏顶部的连续层。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。流体包裹带在岩盐晶体中规则和对称,或在人字形中显示不对称和模糊的层,并作为堆积物和筏顶部的连续层。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。流体包裹带在岩盐晶体中规则和对称,或在人字形中显示不对称和模糊的层,并作为堆积物和筏顶部的连续层。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。这项研究表明,盐场是研究与微生物活动、盐度、深度和/或能量条件相关的石膏和岩盐晶体的主要沉积特征的宝贵“实验室”。结果可用于推断古代蒸发盆地中石膏和岩盐沉积的物理能量条件。
更新日期:2020-01-28
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