The characteristics of the vortex flow with a free surface formed in a vertical cylindrical container filled with water, where the source of motion is the disk at the bottom endwall, are studied experimentally and analytically. Different types of oils and petroleum are used in experiments as admixtures. The problem of an “oil body” form in a complex vortex flow is considered on the basis of the analysis of equations for the mechanics of immiscible liquids of different densities with physically based boundary conditions. The calculations of the free surface forms are carried out in cases of one- and two-component fluid. The relations obtained are in satisfactory agreement with the experimentally registered forms of the interfaces. The flow structure near a rotating disk is studied, the shapes of the trajectories of moving liquid particles in the water column near the disk are determined. The coincidence of the types of spiral movement of liquid particles on the surface and near the disk indicates that the characteristic features of the vortex flow are determined in the boundary layer on the rotating disk and then transferred to the entire spatial region occupied by the liquid. Experimental and theoretical study of the vortex flow showed that the trajectories of moving liquid particles near the water surface are spatial spirals along which these particles move from the periphery to the center. The expressions obtained for the form of trajectories of liquid particles accelerated by the rotating disk coincide with the type of registered tracers’ trajectories in the depth of liquid and on the free surface of the flow.

中文翻译：

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涡流中物质输运的分析与实验研究

通过实验和分析研究了在充满水的垂直圆柱形容器中形成的具有自由表面的涡流的特性，其中运动源是​​底部端壁的圆盘。在实验中使用不同类型的油和石油作为混合物。在分析具有物理边界条件的不同密度不混溶液体的力学方程的基础上，考虑了复杂涡流中“油体”形式的问题。自由表面形式的计算是在单组分和双组分流体的情况下进行的。获得的关系与接口的实验注册形式令人满意地一致。研究了旋转盘附近的流动结构，确定了圆盘附近水柱中移动液体粒子的轨迹形状。表面和盘附近液体粒子的螺旋运动类型的重合表明，涡流的特征是在旋转盘上的边界层中确定的，然后转移到液体占据的整个空间区域。涡流的实验和理论研究表明，在水面附近移动的液体粒子的轨迹是空间螺旋，这些粒子沿着空间螺旋从外围移动到中心。获得的由旋转盘加速的液体粒子的轨迹形式的表达式与记录的示踪剂在液体深度和流动自由表面上的轨迹类型一致。