Group-living animals face a number of threats from extragroup conspecifics: from individuals seeking mating opportunities to rival groups attempting to access limited resources. The consequences of intergroup interactions can therefore include loss of mates, increased energy expenditure, and injury or death. There is increasing evidence that aggressive intergroup interactions can affect subsequent intragroup behavior, and that such post-conflict behavior may be directly related to the threats posed by different opponent groups (e.g., familiar vs. unfamiliar). However, empirical evidence for changes in intragroup behavior following intergroup conflict in social animals is limited. We compared the proximity and behavior of group members before and after 84 aggressive intergroup interactions involving 14 study groups of wild, habituated mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ) in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. Intergroup conflict affected subsequent intragroup behavior in several ways. We found that immediate movement away from the opponent following intergroup conflict was less likely between familiar groups compared to unfamiliar groups. However, both winning and losing groups spent twice as much time moving post-conflict, and losing groups spent less time resting. There was an increase in female intragroup affiliative interactions and a decrease in male intragroup agonistic interactions post-conflict. These results demonstrate that such intergroup contests can influence intragroup dynamics beyond the immediate period of interaction.

中文翻译：

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山地大猩猩（Gorilla beringei beringei）群际冲突后群内行为的变化

群居动物面临着来自群外同种动物的许多威胁：从寻求交配机会的个体到试图获取有限资源的敌对群体。因此，群体间互动的后果可能包括失去配偶、增加能量消耗以及受伤或死亡。越来越多的证据表明，激进的群体间互动会影响随后的群体内行为，而且这种冲突后的行为可能与不同对手群体（例如，熟悉与不熟悉）构成的威胁直接相关。然而，关于群居动物群际冲突后群内行为变化的经验证据是有限的。我们比较了 84 次攻击性组际互动前后组成员的接近度和行为，这些互动涉及 14 个野生动物研究组，卢旺达火山国家公园的习惯山地大猩猩 (Gorilla beringei beringei)。群际冲突以多种方式影响了随后的群内行为。我们发现，与不熟悉的群体相比，熟悉的群体之间在群体间冲突后立即远离对手的可能性较小。然而，获胜组和失败组在冲突后移动的时间是前者的两倍，而失败组的休息时间则更少。冲突后女性群内从属互动增加，男性群内激动互动减少。这些结果表明，这种群际竞争可以影响群内动态，超越直接的互动时期。群际冲突以多种方式影响了随后的群内行为。我们发现，与不熟悉的群体相比，熟悉的群体之间在群体间冲突后立即远离对手的可能性较小。然而，获胜组和失败组在冲突后移动的时间是前者的两倍，而失败组的休息时间则更少。冲突后女性群内从属互动增加，男性群内激动互动减少。这些结果表明，这种群际竞争可以影响群内动态，超越直接的互动时期。群际冲突以多种方式影响了随后的群内行为。我们发现，与不熟悉的群体相比，熟悉的群体之间在群体间冲突后立即远离对手的可能性较小。然而，获胜组和失败组在冲突后移动的时间是前者的两倍，而失败组的休息时间则更少。冲突后女性群内从属互动增加，男性群内激动互动减少。这些结果表明，这种群际竞争可以影响群内动态，超越直接的互动时期。获胜和失败的小组在冲突后移动的时间是前者的两倍，而失败的小组休息的时间更少。冲突后女性群内从属互动增加，男性群内激动互动减少。这些结果表明，这种群际竞争可以影响群内动态，超越直接的互动时期。获胜和失败的小组在冲突后移动的时间是前者的两倍，而失败的小组休息的时间更少。冲突后女性群内从属互动增加，男性群内激动互动减少。这些结果表明，这种群际竞争可以影响群内动态，超越直接的互动时期。