Real-time monitoring of biomarkers has important applications in immediately determining, for example, disease progress or therapeutic effects to clinical decisions in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. However, technologies developed in this area require frequent sample drawings, unattended analysis in situ, secure online monitoring, and, above all, patient’s safety, so from this point of view are still in their infancy. Current research activity in the area has been restricted to the extent of monitoring physical signals while glucose is the only biomarker generally monitored in real-time. To realize the future of unattended analysis, our research group has investigated various immuno-analytical concepts that enable, in particular, repetitive measurements of target biomarkers in a continuous or semi-continuous manner. The key actors in these achievements were monoclonal antibodies with unique characteristics, raised in our group, that potentially allow for real-time monitoring of target disease markers from tiny ionic molecules to complex proteins. Furthermore, we have investigated surrogate elements (e.g. receptors and cytokines) that translate cellular response to measurable signals, enabling us to determine the functional properties of analytes. In this review, continuous and semi-continuous monitoring techniques of different markers for acute myocardial infarction are presented.

中文翻译：

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实时监测血清中生物标志物以早期诊断靶标疾病

生物标志物的实时监测在立即确定例如疾病进展或对诊断，预后和治疗领域中的临床决策的治疗效果方面具有重要的应用。但是，在该领域开发的技术需要频繁的样品图纸，无人值守的原位分析，安全的在线监控以及最重要的是患者的安全性，因此从这一角度来看仍处于起步阶段。目前该领域的研究活动仅限于监测物理信号，而葡萄糖是通常实时监测的唯一生物标志物。为了实现无人值守分析的未来，我们的研究小组研究了各种免疫分析概念，尤其是能够连续或半连续地重复测量靶标生物标志物。这些成就的关键因素是在我们小组中提出的具有独特特征的单克隆抗体，它可能允许实时监测从微小离子分子到复杂蛋白质的目标疾病标志物。此外，我们还研究了替代元素（例如 受体和细胞因子）将细胞的反应转化为可测量的信号，从而使我们能够确定分析物的功能特性。在这篇综述中，提出了针对急性心肌梗死的不同标志物的连续和半连续监测技术。