Among other large mammals, the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a species widely documented during the Late Glacial in Northern Europe. It is present at many archeological sites and has the potential to provide information about environmental conditions through analysis of the paleodiet. Among other techniques, tooth wear analyses allow for the inference of the dietary traits of a population and its habitat (and more largely the environmental context) at the time of death. In this study, tooth microwear and mesowear analyses were used to characterize the diet and habitat of the reindeer populations from Stellmoor and Meiendorf (Northern Germany) and Verberie (Paris Basin). We use tooth wear analyses to estimate the dependence of reindeer on lichen between the early Late Glacial interstadial (GI-1e) and the cold episode of the Younger Dryas (GS-1), which are both characterized by tundra vegetation. New radiocarbon dates were obtained on selected materials from the two northern sites in order to confirm the chronological attribution to either the GI-1e or the GS-1. We observed significant differences between the two periods, with an increase of lichen in the diet in the populations from the Younger Dryas. These fit with the results obtained on the collagen isotopic signature (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) of the reindeer from the same sites. The steppic cold conditions during the Younger Dryas created favorable conditions for greater lichen availability and permitted the return of the reindeer to Northern Europe.

中文翻译：

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北欧晚期冰川期驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）的饮食特征和栖息地

在其他大型哺乳动物中，驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）是北欧晚冰河时期广泛记载的物种。它存在于许多考古现场，并有可能通过对古地理的分析来提供有关环境条件的信息。除其他技术外，牙齿磨损分析还可以推断出死亡时人群及其栖息地的饮食特征（更重要的是环境）。在这项研究中，使用牙齿微磨损和中磨损分析来表征Stellmoor和Meiendorf（德国北部）和Verberie（巴黎盆地）的驯鹿种群的饮食和栖息地。我们使用牙齿磨损分析来估计驯鹿对晚期冰川间期（GI-1e）和较年轻的树蛙（GS-1）的寒冷发作之间的地衣依赖性，二者均以苔原植被为特征。从北部两个地点的选定材料上获得了新的放射性碳数据，以便确定GI-1e或GS-1的年代归属。我们观察到这两个时期之间存在显着差异，来自年轻树妖的人群饮食中的地衣增加。这些与胶原同位素标记获得的结果相吻合（δ ¹³ C，δ ¹⁵从相同的网站驯鹿N）。Younger Dryas时期的寒冷天气为增加地衣的供应创造了有利条件，并使驯鹿返回北欧。