The 1888 Ritter Island volcanic sector collapse triggered a regionally damaging tsunami. Historic eyewitness accounts allow the reconstruction of the arrival time, phase and height of the tsunami wave at multiple locations around the coast of New Guinea and New Britain. 3D seismic interpretations and sedimentological analyses indicate that the catastrophic collapse of Ritter Island was preceded by a phase of deep-seated gradual spreading within the volcanic edifice and accompanied by a submarine explosive eruption, as the volcanic conduit was cut beneath sea level. However, the potential impact of the deep-seated deformation and the explosive eruption on tsunami genesis is unclear. For the first time, it is possible to parameterise the different components of the Ritter Island collapse with 3D seismic data, and thereby test their relative contributions to the tsunami. The modelled tsunami arrival times and heights are in good agreement with the historic eyewitness accounts. Our simulations reveal that the tsunami was primarily controlled by the displacement of the water column by the collapsing cone at the subaerial-submarine boundary and that the submerged fraction of the slide mass and its mobility had only a minor effect on tsunami genesis. This indicates that the total slide volume, when incorporating the deep-seated deforming mass, is not directly scalable for the resulting tsunami height. Furthermore, the simulations show that the tsunamigenic impact of the explosive eruption energy during the Ritter Island collapse was only minor. However, this relationship may be different for other volcanogenic tsunami events with smaller slide volumes or larger magnitude eruptions, and should not be neglected in tsunami simulations and hazard assessment.

1888年的Ritter Island火山区倒塌引发了区域破坏性海啸。历史上的目击者描述允许重建新几内亚和新不列颠沿岸多个地点的海啸波的到达时间，相位和高度。3D地震解释和沉积学分析表明，在Ritter Island发生灾难性倒塌之前，是在火山大厦内进行了一个深层次的逐步扩散的阶段，并伴随着海底爆炸喷发，因为火山管道被切入海平面以下。但是，目前尚不清楚深层形变和爆炸性爆发对海啸发生的潜在影响。首次有可能使用3D地震数据参数化Ritter Island塌陷的不同组成部分，从而检验他们对海啸的相对贡献。模拟的海啸到达时间和高度与历史见证人的说法非常吻合。我们的模拟结果表明，海啸主要受海底-海底边界处坍塌圆锥体的水柱位移控制，而滑坡体的淹没部分及其流动性对海啸发生的影响很小。这表明，当包含深层变形质量时，总的滑动体积不能直接缩放到产生的海啸高度。此外，模拟显示，在Ritter Island倒塌期间，爆炸爆发能量的海啸成因影响很小。然而，