Pesticides introduced inadvertently or deliberately into environment by anthropogenic activity have caused growing global public concern, therefore the search of approaches for elimination of such xenobiotics should be encouraged. A cypermethrin-degrading bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis B-1 was found to efficiently degrade carbaryl in LB medium at concentrations of 50–300 mg L⁻¹ within 48 h, during which temperature and pH played important roles as reflected by increase in pollutant depletion. A stimulatory effect of Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ on microbial growth was observed, whereas Cu²⁺ caused inhibition of degradation. Results showed that 1-naphthol was a major transformation product of carbaryl which was further metabolised. An approximately 29 kDa carbaryl-degrading enzyme was purified from B-1 with 15.93-fold purification and an overall yield of 6.02% was achieved using ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B anion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The enzyme was identified through nano reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a phosphodiesterase (PDE). This is the first report on the characterization of carbaryl-degrading by Bacillus spp. and the role of a PDE in carbaryl-detoxifying. Also, strain B-1 showed versatile in carbosulfan, isoprocarb and chlorpyrifos degradation, demonstrating as ideal candidate for environment bioremediation.

中文翻译：

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降解甲硫基的地衣芽孢杆菌B-1的特性及其水解酶鉴定。

人为活动将农药无意或有意引入环境的行为引起了全球公众的日益关注，因此应鼓励寻找消除此类异源生物的方法。发现降解氯氰菊酯的细菌菌株地衣芽孢杆菌B-1可在48 h内有效降解LB培养基中浓度为50–300 mg L ^-1的西维因，在此期间温度和pH值起着重要作用，这体现在污染物消耗的增加上。观察到Fe ³⁺和Mn ²⁺对微生物生长有刺激作用，而Cu ²⁺导致抑制降解。结果表明1-萘酚是西维因的主要转化产物，其进一步被代谢。从B-1纯化出约29 kDa的甲萘威降解酶，纯化率为15.93倍，使用硫酸铵沉淀，DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B阴离子交换色谱和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤可实现6.02％的总收率。通过纳米反相液相色谱结合杂化三重四极杆飞行时间质谱分析法鉴定该酶为磷酸二酯酶（PDE）。这是关于芽孢杆菌降解西维因的表征的首次报道spp。以及PDE在西维因解毒中的作用。另外，菌株B-1在多杀硫丹，异丙草威和毒死rif中显示出广泛的用途，是环境生物修复的理想候选者。