Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have strong therapeutic potential due to their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs can also be useful in preserving the current genetic diversity of endangered wildlife. To date, MSCs from various species have been studied, but only a few species of endangered wild animals have been reported. Adult bone marrow (BM) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize MSCs derived from the BM of red pandas. Red panda BM-MSCs isolated from five individuals were fibroblast-like cells, similar to other species. Cultured BM-MSCs with normal karyotype were negative for the hematopoietic line marker CD34 and the endothelial cell marker CD31 but were positive for MSC markers, including CD44, CD105 and CD90. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed self-renewal and pluripotency genes, including Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4, were also expressed in red panda BM-MSCs. Finally, red panda BM-MSCs had the potential for differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic and neuron-like cells by using a combination of previously reported protocols for other species. We have therefore demonstrated that cells harvested from red panda bone marrow are capable of extensive in vitro multiplication and multilineage differentiation, which is an essential step toward their use in the preservation of red pandas biological diversity and future studies on MSC applications in endangered species.

中文翻译：

---

小熊猫骨髓间充质干细胞的特征

间充质干细胞 (MSC) 具有强大的治疗潜力，因为它们具有自我更新和多向分化的能力。MSC 还可用于保护濒危野生动物的当前遗传多样性。迄今为止，已经研究了各种物种的间充质干细胞，但只有少数濒危野生动物的报道。成人骨髓 (BM) 是间充质干细胞的丰富来源。本研究的目的是分离和表征源自小熊猫 BM 的 MSC。从五个个体中分离出的小熊猫BM-MSC是成纤维细胞样细胞，与其他物种相似。培养的具有正常核型的 BM-MSC 对造血系标记 CD34 和内皮细胞标记 CD31 呈阴性，但对 MSC 标记（包括 CD44、CD105 和 CD90）呈阳性。RT-PCR 和蛋白质印迹分析显示自我更新和多能性基因，包括 Oct4、Sox2 和 Klf4，也在红熊猫 BM-MSC 中表达。最后，红熊猫 BM-MSCs 有可能通过结合使用先前报道的其他物种的方案来分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和神经元样细胞。因此，我们证明了从小熊猫骨髓中提取的细胞能够进行广泛的体外增殖和多向分化，这是将它们用于保护小熊猫生物多样性和未来研究 MSC 在濒危物种中的应用的重要一步。脂肪细胞和神经元样细胞通过使用先前报道的其他物种协议的组合。因此，我们证明了从小熊猫骨髓中提取的细胞能够进行广泛的体外增殖和多向分化，这是将其用于保护小熊猫生物多样性和未来研究 MSC 在濒危物种中的应用的重要一步。脂肪细胞和神经元样细胞通过使用先前报道的其他物种协议的组合。因此，我们证明了从小熊猫骨髓中提取的细胞能够进行广泛的体外增殖和多向分化，这是将它们用于保护小熊猫生物多样性和未来研究 MSC 在濒危物种中的应用的重要一步。