Abstract The tropical Southeast Asia area is rich in plant diversity, and the current environment conditions, especially the vegetation, were formed through a series of complicated processes, both geological and biological, in the past. One of the most powerful tools to reveal these processes is pollen analysis. However, so far, it is still poorly understood in the modern pollen rain, hindering further palynological exploration of ecological and environmental evolutions in the region. Here we analyzed 84 surface pollen samples from the western Malay Peninsula and illustrated a high level of pollen and spore diversity by photographic images of 328 types. The results also revealed that all the regional vegetation types are distinguished by a few major characteristic pollen and spore types in the assemblages. For montane rainforests, Podocarpaceae, Ericaceae, cf. Distichostemon, Borreria, Myrica, Rapanea, Ophioglossaceae and Ilex type1 are characteristic. For lowland dipterocarp rainforests, Bursaraceae, Sapotaceae, Mallotus/Macaranga, Eugeissona, Anacardiaceae, Asystasia, Ilex type2/3, Hamamelidaceae, Dicranopteris, etc. are good indicators. The coastal rainforests are distinguished by relatively abundant Casuarina, cf. Pittosporum, Styracaceae, Ulmus, Alstonia and Schoutenia, and the mangrove forest by abundant Rhizophora, Sonneratiaceae, Xylocarpus and Lygodiaceae. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) of pollen percentages shows strong correlations of plant communities with the distribution elevation and the substrate gradients. Our results demonstrate the potential for detailed paleoecological reconstructions of both montane and lowland communities in the study region, and also suggest a pollen sorting of marine samples after a long-distance transport to the deposition sites.

中文翻译：

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热带马来半岛西部现代花粉雨和花粉形态研究及其对巽他地区古环境重建的意义

摘要 东南亚热带地区植物多样性丰富，目前的环境条件，特别是植被，是经过过去一系列复杂的地质和生物过程形成的。揭示这些过程的最强大工具之一是花粉分析。然而，迄今为止，人们对其在现代花粉雨中的了解仍然很少，阻碍了对该地区生态环境演变的进一步孢粉学探索。在这里，我们分析了来自马来半岛西部的 84 个表面花粉样本，并通过 328 种类型的摄影图像说明了高水平的花粉和孢子多样性。结果还表明，所有区域植被类型都通过组合中的几个主要特征花粉和孢子类型来区分。对于山地雨林、罗汉松科、杜鹃花科，参见。Distichostemon、疏螺旋体、杨梅、萝卜属、Ophioglossaceae 和冬青 type1 是特征性的。对于低地龙脑香雨林，Bursaraceae、Sapotaceae、Mallotus/Macaranga、Eugeissona、Anacardiaceae、Asystasia、Ilex type2/3、金缕梅科、Dicranopteris 等是很好的指标。沿海热带雨林的特点是相对丰富的木麻黄，参见。Pittosporum、Styracaceae、Ulmus、Alstonia 和 Schoutenia，以及由丰富的 Rhizophora、Sonneratiaceae、Xylocarpus 和 Lygodiaceae 组成的红树林。花粉百分比的去趋势对应分析 (DCA) 显示植物群落与分布海拔和底物梯度的强相关性。我们的结果证明了对研究区域的山地和低地社区进行详细的古生态重建的潜力，