First references of the endangered autochthonous Majorcan Ca Mè dog date from the 13th century and enhance its skills and adaptability to the orography. Genealogical historical records were traced back to founders. Founder number in the reference population (397), maximum generations traced, and average number of complete generations were 32, 5, and 2.75, respectively. Structure assessment revealed the existence of subpopulations regarding criteria such as owners (402), breeders (55), coat colours (liver, lemon, black and orange) and spotting patterns (piebald, roan, solid colour, tie or star presence). Average inbreeding (F) within colour groups ranged from 6.3-10.4%, for orange and black populations, respectively. F ranged from 9.43-12.22% for roan patterns and star presence, respectively. Tan point markings showed an F coefficient of 5.85%. The study of genetic diversity revealed a slightly different genetic background between subpopulations. Average coancestry between and within coat colours suggested orange and roan traits could be ascribed to the original nuclei, without omitting the high relationships among other subpopulations. Breeding strategy should select breeding pairs holding a relatedness coefficient below 15%. Hence, coat patterns in dog breeds can help preserving the genetic diversity in endangered dogs, even when these are geographically isolated.

中文翻译：

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繁殖外套和斑点模式对岛民濒危犬种的种群结构和遗传多样性的影响。

濒临灭绝的本土马略卡岛CaMè狗的首次引用可以追溯到13世纪，并增强了其对地形的技能和适应性。家谱的历史记录可以追溯到创始人。参考人群中的创始人人数（397），追踪的最大世代数和平均完整世代数分别为32、5和2.75。结构评估显示，存在与标准有关的亚群，例如所有者（402），饲养员（55），外衣颜色（肝脏，柠檬，黑色和橙色）和斑点图案（皮皮，软木，纯色，领带或星星）。对于橙色和黑色种群，颜色组内的平均近交（F）分别为6.3-10.4％。罗恩模式和星状存在的F分别为9.43-12.22％。棕褐色点标记的F系数为5.85％。遗传多样性的研究表明，亚群之间的遗传背景略有不同。皮毛颜色之间和之内的平均血统关系表明，橙色和罗恩性状可以归因于原始细胞核，而没有忽略其他亚群之间的高度关系。育种策略应选择相关系数低于15％的育种对。因此，即使在地理上是隔离的，犬种中的被毛图案也可以帮助保护濒危犬的遗传多样性。育种策略应选择相关系数低于15％的育种对。因此，即使在地理上是隔离的，犬种中的被毛图案也可以帮助保护濒临灭绝的犬的遗传多样性。育种策略应选择相关系数低于15％的育种对。因此，即使在地理上是隔离的，犬种中的被毛图案也可以帮助保护濒临灭绝的犬的遗传多样性。