The cyanobacteria constitute a diverse group of prokaryotic organisms widespread in aquatic ecosystems. Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria, which poses a possible cause for concern due to its excessive growth and potential for toxin production, which can be aggravated by intensive eutrophication of freshwaters and climate changes. Factors that can potentially affect the biology, ecology and evolution of cyanobacteria are cyanophages. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding cyanophages specific to Microcystis sp. in the natural environment of East Asia and Central Europe. Being a group of planktonic viruses, cyanophages have been studied since the 1960s; information on viruses specific to Microcystis sp. was first obtained in the 1970s and are being dynamically developing over the last two decades. There are eight strains of cyanophages capable of lysing Microcystis sp. cells reported to date, belonging to Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae families, as well as forming Corticovirus-like particles. Available literature data indicates that the gene encoding the sheath protein of the contractile tail (g91) is a good molecular marker for tracing Microcystis viruses from Myoviridae as a form of environmental analysis. It has been suggested that in natural ecosystems, this group of cyanophages can cause a shift in the host population from predominant ‘cyanophage infection-sensitive’ to ‘cyanophage infection-insensitive’ cells, rather than influencing the total number of Microcystis sp. It was found that nucleotide sequence of the g91 gene fragment isolated from Central Europe was 95% similar to that of its counterparts from East Asia. However, the research based on molecular primers specific to the Microcystis sp. viruses is limitted to two of the known strains to date. It is suggested that further studies in molecular biology and ecology of Microcystis sp. cyanophages should be based on metagenomics accompanied with physicochemical environmental variables.

蓝细菌构成了在水生生态系统中广泛分布的各种各样的原核生物。微囊藻是淡水蓝细菌的一个属，由于其过度生长和产生毒素的可能性，可能引起人们的关注，而淡水的富营养化和气候变化会加剧这种情况。可能会影响蓝藻的生物学，生态学和进化的因素是蓝藻。本文总结的知识就噬蓝藻具体到当前的状态微囊藻。在东亚和中欧的自然环境中。作为一组浮游病毒，自1960年代以来就对蓝藻进行了研究。特定于微囊藻的病毒的信息sp。它最初是在1970年代获得的，并且在过去的二十年中一直在动态发展。有八种能够裂解微囊藻种的蓝藻菌株。细胞迄今报道的，属于肌尾噬菌体科，短尾噬菌体科和长尾噬菌体科家族，以及形成覆盖噬菌体科样颗粒。现有文献数据表明，编码收缩尾巴鞘蛋白（g91）的基因是追踪肌病毒科的微囊藻病毒的良好分子标记。作为环境分析的一种形式。有人提出，在自然生态系统中，这组噬菌体可导致宿主种群从主要的“对噬菌体感染敏感”的细胞转变为对“对噬菌体感染不敏感”的细胞，而不影响微囊藻的总数。发现从中欧分离的g91基因片段的核苷酸序列与从东亚的g91基因片段的核苷酸序列相似，为95％。但是，这项研究是基于对微囊藻特定的分子引物。迄今为止，该病毒仅限于已知的两种。建议进一步研究微囊藻的分子生物学和生态学sp。巨噬细胞应基于宏基因组学并结合理化环境变量。