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Shorter life and reduced fecundity can increase colony fitness in virtual Caenorhabditis elegans.
Aging Cell ( IF 8.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 , DOI: 10.1111/acel.13141 Evgeniy R Galimov 1 , David Gems 1
Aging Cell ( IF 8.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 , DOI: 10.1111/acel.13141 Evgeniy R Galimov 1 , David Gems 1
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In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of function of many genes leads to increases in lifespan, sometimes of a very large magnitude. Could this reflect the occurrence of programmed death that, like apoptosis of cells, promotes fitness? The notion that programmed death evolves as a mechanism to remove worn out, old individuals in order to increase food availability for kin is not supported by classic evolutionary theory for most species. However, it may apply in organisms with colonies of closely related individuals such as C. elegans in which largely clonal populations subsist on spatially limited food patches. Here, we ask whether food competition between nonreproductive adults and their clonal progeny could favor programmed death by using an in silico model of C. elegans. Colony fitness was estimated as yield of dauer larva propagules from a limited food patch. Simulations showed that not only shorter lifespan but also shorter reproductive span and reduced adult feeding rate can increase colony fitness, potentially by reducing futile food consumption. Early adult death was particularly beneficial when adult food consumption rate was high. These results imply that programmed, adaptive death could promote colony fitness in C. elegans through a consumer sacrifice mechanism. Thus, C. elegans lifespan may be limited not by aging in the usual sense but rather by apoptosis‐like programmed death.
中文翻译：
寿命缩短和繁殖力降低可以增加虚拟秀丽隐杆线虫的群体健康度。
在线虫秀丽隐杆线虫中，许多基因功能的丧失会导致寿命延长，有时甚至是非常大的幅度。这是否反映了程序性死亡的发生，就像细胞凋亡一样，促进健康？大多数物种的经典进化理论并不支持程序性死亡作为一种机制来消除衰老的个体以增加亲属的食物供应的观点。然而，它可能适用于具有密切相关个体群体的生物体，例如秀丽隐杆线虫，其中大部分克隆群体生存在空间有限的食物斑块上。在这里，我们通过使用秀丽隐杆线虫的计算机模型来询问非繁殖性成虫及其克隆后代之间的食物竞争是否有利于程序性死亡。群体健康度被估计为有限食物斑块中的多尔幼虫繁殖体的产量。模拟表明，不仅寿命缩短，繁殖期缩短和成虫摄食率降低也可以通过减少无用的食物消耗来提高群体的健康度。当成人食物消耗率较高时，成人早期死亡特别有利。这些结果表明，程序性、适应性死亡可以通过消费者牺牲机制促进线虫群体的适应性。因此，线虫的寿命可能不是受到通常意义上的衰老的限制，而是受到类似细胞凋亡的程序性死亡的限制。
更新日期：2020-04-16
中文翻译：
寿命缩短和繁殖力降低可以增加虚拟秀丽隐杆线虫的群体健康度。
在线虫秀丽隐杆线虫中，许多基因功能的丧失会导致寿命延长，有时甚至是非常大的幅度。这是否反映了程序性死亡的发生，就像细胞凋亡一样，促进健康？大多数物种的经典进化理论并不支持程序性死亡作为一种机制来消除衰老的个体以增加亲属的食物供应的观点。然而，它可能适用于具有密切相关个体群体的生物体，例如秀丽隐杆线虫，其中大部分克隆群体生存在空间有限的食物斑块上。在这里，我们通过使用秀丽隐杆线虫的计算机模型来询问非繁殖性成虫及其克隆后代之间的食物竞争是否有利于程序性死亡。群体健康度被估计为有限食物斑块中的多尔幼虫繁殖体的产量。模拟表明，不仅寿命缩短，繁殖期缩短和成虫摄食率降低也可以通过减少无用的食物消耗来提高群体的健康度。当成人食物消耗率较高时，成人早期死亡特别有利。这些结果表明，程序性、适应性死亡可以通过消费者牺牲机制促进线虫群体的适应性。因此，线虫的寿命可能不是受到通常意义上的衰老的限制，而是受到类似细胞凋亡的程序性死亡的限制。
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