Conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used diagnostic technique in tissue pathology. However, this technique is associated with a number of limitations, including high inter‐observer variability and the capacity to label only one marker per tissue section. This review details various highly multiplexed techniques that have emerged to circumvent these constraints, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single tissue section and the comprehensive study of cell composition, cellular functional and cell‐cell interactions. Among these techniques, multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) has emerged to be particularly promising. mIHC/IF provides high‐throughput multiplex staining and standardized quantitative analysis for highly reproducible, efficient and cost‐effective tissue studies. This technique has immediate potential for translational research and clinical practice, particularly in the era of cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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癌症免疫治疗时代多重免疫组织化学/免疫荧光技术概述。

传统免疫组织化学 (IHC) 是组织病理学中广泛使用的诊断技术。然而，该技术存在许多局限性，包括观察者间的高变异性以及每个组织切片仅标记一个标记的能力。这篇综述详细介绍了为规避这些限制而出现的各种高度多重技术，允许在单个组织切片上同时检测多个标记，并对细胞组成、细胞功能和细胞-细胞相互作用进行综合研究。在这些技术中，多重免疫组织化学/免疫荧光 (mIHC/IF) 特别有前途。mIHC/IF 提供高通量多重染色和标准化定量分析，可实现高度重复、高效且经济高效的组织研究。该技术具有转化研究和临床实践的直接潜力，特别是在癌症免疫治疗时代。