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Insect pollinators show constancy for different flower traits between the most‐ and less‐preferred plants: a case study of the long‐proboscid tangle‐veined fly
Ecological Entomology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 , DOI: 10.1111/een.12870 Li‐Fang Gao 1 , Yu‐Jie Wang 1 , Hai‐Yang Zhang 1 , Wen Zhang 1 , Xiao‐Dan Zhang 1 , Zhen‐Qin Zhu 1 , Bo Du 1
Ecological Entomology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 , DOI: 10.1111/een.12870 Li‐Fang Gao 1 , Yu‐Jie Wang 1 , Hai‐Yang Zhang 1 , Wen Zhang 1 , Xiao‐Dan Zhang 1 , Zhen‐Qin Zhu 1 , Bo Du 1
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The coevolution of insect pollinators and their host plants is a typical example of natural selection; however, how insect pollinators avoid overdependence on one peculiar plant remains unclear. As most insect pollinators exhibit a diet breadth when showing flower constancy, determining the difference and similarity of most and less preferred flowers by insect pollinators may be helpful to understand their trade‐off between flower constancy and overdependence. This was addressed using the long‐proboscid tangle‐veined fly (Nemetrinus spp.). Dietary investigation indicates that the flies show constancy for the morphological characteristic of the Delphinium caeruleum, which is the most preferred plant for this Nemestrinidae fly that has blue, long‐tubed flowers. In a colour selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for white, which is the colour of less preferred flowers by the fly in the natural environment. In a scent selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for D. caeruleum and Dracocephalum heterophyllum but avoidance to Dasiphora fruticosa and Dasiphora davurica. This indicates that long‐proboscid tangle‐veined flies can forage on other flowers, despite the existing constancy for D. caeruleum, as long as they do not hate the scent. It seems that long‐proboscid tangle‐veined flies can maximise foraging efficiency by showing constancy for the morphological characteristic of the most preferred plant and for the scent and colour of less‐preferred plants. The trade‐off of long‐proboscid tangle‐veined flies in the selection of nectar sources may be an adaptation to the risk of overdependence on one plant in evolution.
中文翻译：
昆虫传粉者在最受偏爱和不太偏爱的植物之间对不同的花性状表现出恒定性：长喙缠叶蝇的案例研究
昆虫传粉者与其寄主植物的共同进化是自然选择的典型例子；然而，昆虫传粉者如何避免过度依赖一种特殊植物仍不清楚。由于大多数昆虫传粉者在表现出花的恒常性时表现出饮食广度，确定昆虫传粉者最喜欢和不太喜欢的花的差异和相似性可能有助于理解它们在花恒常性和过度依赖之间的权衡。使用长长的缠结叶蝇（Nemetrinus spp.）解决了这个问题。饮食调查表明，苍蝇对蓝翠雀的形态特征表现出恒定的形态特征，这是这种具有蓝色长管花的 Nemestrinidae 苍蝇最喜欢的植物。在颜色选择实验中，焦点个体表现出对白色的明显偏好，这是自然环境中苍蝇不太喜欢的花朵的颜色。在气味选择实验中，焦点个体对 D. caeruleum 和 Dracocephalum heterophyllum 表现出明显的偏好，但对 Dasiphora fruticosa 和 Dasiphora davurica 回避。这表明，尽管 D. caeruleum 存在恒定性，但只要不讨厌这种气味，长长鼻的缠脉苍蝇就可以在其他花上觅食。似乎长长的缠脉苍蝇可以通过对最喜欢的植物的形态特征和不太喜欢的植物的气味和颜色显示出恒定性来最大限度地提高觅食效率。在选择花蜜来源方面，长长的缠结叶蝇的权衡可能是对进化过程中过度依赖一种植物的风险的一种适应。
更新日期：2020-04-16
中文翻译：
昆虫传粉者在最受偏爱和不太偏爱的植物之间对不同的花性状表现出恒定性：长喙缠叶蝇的案例研究
昆虫传粉者与其寄主植物的共同进化是自然选择的典型例子；然而，昆虫传粉者如何避免过度依赖一种特殊植物仍不清楚。由于大多数昆虫传粉者在表现出花的恒常性时表现出饮食广度，确定昆虫传粉者最喜欢和不太喜欢的花的差异和相似性可能有助于理解它们在花恒常性和过度依赖之间的权衡。使用长长的缠结叶蝇（Nemetrinus spp.）解决了这个问题。饮食调查表明，苍蝇对蓝翠雀的形态特征表现出恒定的形态特征，这是这种具有蓝色长管花的 Nemestrinidae 苍蝇最喜欢的植物。在颜色选择实验中，焦点个体表现出对白色的明显偏好，这是自然环境中苍蝇不太喜欢的花朵的颜色。在气味选择实验中，焦点个体对 D. caeruleum 和 Dracocephalum heterophyllum 表现出明显的偏好，但对 Dasiphora fruticosa 和 Dasiphora davurica 回避。这表明，尽管 D. caeruleum 存在恒定性，但只要不讨厌这种气味，长长鼻的缠脉苍蝇就可以在其他花上觅食。似乎长长的缠脉苍蝇可以通过对最喜欢的植物的形态特征和不太喜欢的植物的气味和颜色显示出恒定性来最大限度地提高觅食效率。在选择花蜜来源方面，长长的缠结叶蝇的权衡可能是对进化过程中过度依赖一种植物的风险的一种适应。
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