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Metacommunity robustness of plant–fly–wasp tripartite networks with specialization to habitat loss
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3071
Jinbao Liao 1 , Xinqiang Xi 2 , Daniel Bearup 3 , Shucun Sun 2
Affiliation  

Recent observations have found plant species-specific fly host selection (i.e., specialization) of wasp parasitoids (wasps) in plant-fly-wasp (P-F-W) tripartite networks, yet no study has explored the dynamical implications of such high-order specialization for the persistence of such network. Here we develop a patch-dynamic framework for a unique P-F-W tripartite network with specialization observed in eastern Tibetan Plateau, and explore its metacommunity robustness to habitat loss. We show that specialization in parasitoidism promotes fly species diversity, while the richness of both plant and wasp decreases. Compared to other two null models, real network structure favors plant species coexistence but increases the extinction risk for both flies and wasps. However, these effects of specialization and network structure would be weakened and ultimately disappear with increasing habitat loss. Interestingly, intermediate levels of habitat loss can maximize the diversity of flies and wasps, while increasing or decreasing habitat loss results in more species losses, supporting intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Finally, we observe that high levels of habitat loss initiate a bottom-up cascade of species extinction from plants to both flies and wasps, resulting in a rapid collapse of the whole tripartite networks. Overall, this theoretical framework is the first attempt to characterize the dynamics of whole tripartite metacommunities interacting in realistic high-order ways, offering new insights into complex multipartite networks.

中文翻译:

植物-蝇-黄蜂三方网络的元群落鲁棒性,专门针对栖息地丧失

最近的观察发现植物-蝇-黄蜂 (PFW) 三方网络中黄蜂寄生蜂 (waps) 的植物物种特异性果蝇宿主选择(即专业化),但没有研究探讨这种高阶专业化对这种网络的持久性。在这里,我们为在青藏高原东部观察到的具有专业性的独特 PFW 三方网络开发了补丁动态框架,并探索了其元群落对栖息地丧失的稳健性。我们表明,寄生蜂的专业化促进了苍蝇物种的多样性,而植物和黄蜂的丰富度都在下降。与其他两个空模型相比,真实网络结构有利于植物物种共存,但增加了苍蝇和黄蜂的灭绝风险。然而,这些专业化和网络结构的影响将随着栖息地丧失的增加而减弱并最终消失。有趣的是,栖息地丧失的中等水平可以最大限度地提高苍蝇和黄蜂的多样性,而栖息地丧失的增加或减少会导致更多的物种丧失,支持中间干扰假设。最后,我们观察到大量栖息地丧失引发了从植物到苍蝇和黄蜂的自下而上的物种灭绝级联,导致整个三方网络迅速崩溃。总的来说,这个理论框架是第一次尝试表征整个三方元社区以现实的高阶方式相互作用的动态,为复杂的多方网络提供了新的见解。中等水平的栖息地丧失可以最大限度地提高苍蝇和黄蜂的多样性,而增加或减少栖息地丧失会导致更多的物种丧失,支持中间干扰假设。最后,我们观察到大量栖息地丧失引发了从植物到苍蝇和黄蜂的自下而上的物种灭绝级联,导致整个三方网络迅速崩溃。总的来说,这个理论框架是第一次尝试表征整个三方元社区以现实的高阶方式相互作用的动态,为复杂的多方网络提供了新的见解。中等水平的栖息地丧失可以最大限度地提高苍蝇和黄蜂的多样性,而增加或减少栖息地丧失会导致更多的物种丧失,支持中间干扰假设。最后,我们观察到大量栖息地丧失引发了从植物到苍蝇和黄蜂的自下而上的物种灭绝级联,导致整个三方网络迅速崩溃。总的来说,这个理论框架是第一次尝试表征整个三方元社区以现实的高阶方式相互作用的动态,为复杂的多方网络提供了新的见解。我们观察到,栖息地的高度丧失引发了从植物到苍蝇和黄蜂的自下而上的物种灭绝级联,导致整个三方网络迅速崩溃。总的来说,这个理论框架是第一次尝试表征整个三方元社区以现实的高阶方式相互作用的动态,为复杂的多方网络提供了新的见解。我们观察到,栖息地的高度丧失引发了从植物到苍蝇和黄蜂的自下而上的物种灭绝级联,导致整个三方网络迅速崩溃。总的来说,这个理论框架是第一次尝试表征整个三方元社区以现实的高阶方式相互作用的动态,为复杂的多方网络提供了新的见解。
更新日期:2020-05-08
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