Changes in environmental temperature influence cellular processes and their dynamics, and thus affect the life cycle of organisms that are unable to control their cell/body temperature. Meiotic recombination is the cellular process essential for producing healthy haploid gametes by providing physical links (chiasmata) between homologous chromosomes to guide their accurate segregation. Additionally, meiotic recombination-initiated by programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)-can generate genetic diversity and, therefore, is a driving force of evolution. Environmental temperature influencing meiotic recombination outcome thus may be a crucial determinant of reproductive success and genetic diversity. Indeed, meiotic recombination frequency in fungi, plants and invertebrates changes with temperature. In most organisms, these temperature-induced changes in meiotic recombination seem to be mediated through the meiosis-specific chromosome axis organization, the synaptonemal complex in particular. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe does not possess a synaptonemal complex. Thus, we tested how environmental temperature modulates meiotic recombination frequency in the absence of a fully-fledged synaptonemal complex. We show that intragenic recombination (gene conversion) positively correlates with temperature within a certain range, especially at meiotic recombination hotspots. In contrast, crossover recombination, which manifests itself as chiasmata, is less affected. Based on our observations, we suggest that, in addition to changes in DSB frequency, DSB processing could be another temperature-sensitive step causing temperature-induced recombination rate alterations.

中文翻译：

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粟酒裂殖酵母中的基因内减数分裂重组对环境温度变化敏感。

环境温度的变化会影响细胞过程及其动力学，从而影响无法控制其细胞/体温的生物体的生命周期。减数分裂重组是产生健康单倍体配子所必需的细胞过程，它通过在同源染色体之间提供物理联系（交叉）来指导它们的准确分离。此外，由程序性 DNA 双链断裂 (DSB) 启动的减数分裂重组可以产生遗传多样性，因此是进化的驱动力。因此，影响减数分裂重组结果的环境温度可能是繁殖成功和遗传多样性的关键决定因素。事实上，真菌、植物和无脊椎动物的减数分裂重组频率随温度而变化。在大多数生物体中，这些温度诱导的减数分裂重组变化似乎是通过减数分裂特异性染色体轴组织，特别是联会复合体介导的。裂殖酵母粟酒裂殖酵母不具有联会复合体。因此，我们测试了在没有成熟的联会复合体的情况下环境温度如何调节减数分裂重组频率。我们表明基因内重组（基因转换）与一定范围内的温度呈正相关，尤其是在减数分裂重组热点。相比之下，表现为交叉的交叉重组受到的影响较小。根据我们的观察，我们建议，除了 DSB 频率的变化，