PURPOSE Simulators are increasingly used in the training of endovascular procedures; however, for the use of the Mentice vascular interventional system trainer (VIST) simulator in neuroradiology, the validity of the method has not yet been proven. The study was carried out to test the construct validity of such a simulator by demonstrating differences between beginner and expert neurointerventionalists and to evaluate whether a training effect can be demonstrated in repeated cases for different levels of experience. METHODS In this study 4 experts and 6 beginners performed 10 diagnostic angiographies on the VIST simulator (Mentice AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). Of the cases four were non-recurring, whereas three were repeated once and ten subjects performed all tasks. Additionally, another expert performed only five non-recurring cases. The simulator recorded total time, fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast medium and number of material changes. Furthermore, gaze direction and heart rate were recorded, and subjects completed a questionnaire on workload. RESULTS Beginners and experts showed significant differences in total duration time, fluoroscopy time and amount of contrast agent (all p < 0.05). Gaze direction, dwell time and heart rate were similar between both groups. Only beginners improved during training with respect to total duration time, fluoroscopy time and amount of contrast agent. If a case was previously known to them, the total duration and fluoroscopy time were significantly shortened (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated both the construct validity of a diagnostic neuroangiography simulator as well as a significant training effect for beginners. Therefore, in particular beginner neurointerventionalists should use such simulation tools more extensively in their initial training.

中文翻译：

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神经血管造影模拟培训——验证和有效性。

目的 模拟器越来越多地用于血管内手术的培训；然而，对于在神经放射学中使用 Mentice 血管介入系统训练器 (VIST) 模拟器，该方法的有效性尚未得到证实。进行这项研究是为了通过展示初学者和专家神经介入医师之间的差异来测试这种模拟器的结构有效性，并评估是否可以在不同经验水平的重复案例中证明训练效果。方法 在这项研究中，4 位专家和 6 位初学者在 VIST 模拟器（Mentice AB，Gothenburg，Sweden）上进行了 10 次诊断性血管造影。其中四个是非重复性的，而三个重复一次，十个受试者完成了所有任务。此外，另一位专家仅执行了五个非重复性案例。模拟器记录总时间、透视时间、造影剂用量和材料更换次数。此外，记录注视方向和心率，并且受试者完成了一份关于工作量的问卷。结果初学者和专家在总持续时间、透视时间和造影剂用量方面表现出显着差异（所有 p < 0.05）。两组之间的凝视方向、停留时间和心率相似。只有初学者在训练期间在总持续时间、透视时间和造影剂用量方面有所改进。如果他们以前知道病例，则总持续时间和透视时间会显着缩短（p < 0.001）。结论 本研究证明了诊断神经血管造影模拟器的结构有效性以及对初学者的显着培训效果。