The benefits of soil organic input on crop yields have long been discussed, yet details of their relationship remain controversial. This study considers the effects of different residue management on crop performance as assessed by yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three residue management (residue removal, residue incorporation, and residue incorporation + added poultry manure), combined with five levels of N application, were studied in a long-term experiment starting in 1966. Crop residue incorporation improved maize yield by 12% (nutritional effect) and sugar beet yield by 16% (non-nutritional), and the combination of crop residue incorporation with added poultry manure increased both winter wheat and sugar beet yields by 8% (nutritional effect). The NUE values of mineral fertiliser were almost three-fold those of residues and the combination of residue with poultry manure, except in sugar beet and maize, where NUE of mineral fertilizer approached those observed for residues (0.44 vs 0.45, on average). In wheat, NUE for residue incorporation with added poultry manure was nearly double the NUE for residues alone. Residue management effects depended on crop type; spring-sown crops showing stronger effects than those sown in autumn. Residues primarily produced a nutritional effect, suggesting that they decomposed within 1 year. While residue use offers little potential for soil improvement, it does reduce the need for fertilisers.

中文翻译：

---

经过5年的残留管理对比后的作物产量

长期以来，人们一直在讨论土壤有机物输入对作物单产的好处，但有关二者之间关系的细节仍存在争议。本研究考虑了通过产量和氮素利用效率（NUE）评估的不同残留管理对作物生长的影响。从1966年开始的一项长期实验中，研究了三种残留管理（残留去除，残留掺入和残留掺入+添加家禽粪便），并结合了五个氮素施用水平。作物残留掺入使玉米产量提高了12％（营养价值）效果）和甜菜单产提高了16％（非营养），加上作物残渣与添加的家禽粪便相结合，使冬小麦和甜菜单产均提高了8％（营养效果）。除甜菜和玉米外，矿物肥料的NUE值几乎是残留量以及残留物与家禽粪便组合的NUE值的三倍，其中甜菜和玉米的NUE值接近观察到的残留量（平均0.44比0.45）。在小麦中，添加了家禽粪便的残留物的NUE几乎是单独残留物的NUE的两倍。残留物管理效果取决于作物类型；春季播种的作物比秋季播种的作物效果更强。残留物主要产生营养作用，表明它们会在1年内分解。尽管使用残留物几乎没有改善土壤的潜力，但确实减少了对肥料的需求。一般）。在小麦中，添加了家禽粪便的残留物的NUE几乎是单独残留物的NUE的两倍。残留管理效果取决于作物类型；春季播种的作物比秋季播种的作物表现出更强的影响。残留物主要产生营养作用，表明它们会在1年内分解。尽管使用残留物几乎没有改善土壤的潜力，但确实减少了对肥料的需求。一般）。在小麦中，添加了家禽粪便的残留物的NUE几乎是单独残留物的NUE的两倍。残留管理效果取决于作物类型；春季播种的作物比秋季播种的作物效果更强。残留物主要产生营养作用，表明它们会在1年内分解。尽管使用残留物几乎没有改善土壤的潜力，但确实减少了对肥料的需求。