Since the two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) was successfully rediscovered in 2014, has garnered considerable attention due to its superior properties, including thickness-dependent direct bandgap, prominent carrier mobility, wide absorption and response spectral band and in-plane anisotropic etc., also has been applied in diverse fields. It has become a worldwide hot topic. However, the environmental instability has severely hindered its further development in both academic and industry application. Tremendous theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out to get a insight of the degradation mechanism and promote the environmental stability of BP. Motivated by this, this article, focus on the recent development of stabilized 2D BP nanoflakes, will present the basic exploration, mechanism, efforts, and application of functionalized BP. The challenges encountered and further developments are summarized at the end.

自2014年成功重新发现二维（2D）黑磷（BP）以来，由于其优越的性能（包括与厚度有关的直接带隙，突出的载流子迁移率，宽的吸收和响应光谱带以及面内）而备受关注各向异性等，也已应用于各种领域。它已成为世界范围内的热门话题。然而，环境的不稳定性严重阻碍了其在学术和工业应用中的进一步发展。进行了大量的理论和实验研究，以了解BP的降解机理并提高其环境稳定性。基于此，本文着重介绍稳定的2D BP纳米薄片的最新发展，将介绍功能化BP的基本探索，机理，努力和应用。最后总结了所遇到的挑战和进一步的发展。