The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series. In COVID-19 patients a pro-inflammatory status with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1 receptor (R)A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IL-6 and TNF-α have been observed in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization. This provided rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatments for this severe viral infection. Other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine might have a direct anti-viral effect. The anti-viral aspect of immunosuppressants towards a variety of viruses has been known since long time and it is herein discussed in the view of searching for a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

中文翻译：

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抗风湿药物的抗病毒方面：来自 COVID-19 的教训。

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染的爆发使世界面临大流行的风险。冠状病毒 - 19 病 (COVID-19) 是一种由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的传染病，会导致肺炎，约 10% 的病例需要重症监护室住院治疗，并可能导致致命结果。目前正在努力寻找针对 COVID-19 患者的治疗方法。到目前为止，几种抗病毒和免疫抑制或免疫调节药物已在体外、动物模型以及病例系列中显示出对 COVID-19 的一定疗效。在 COVID-19 患者中，已证实存在高水平的白细胞介素 (IL)-1B、IL-1 受体 (R)A 和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)-α 的促炎状态。此外，在需要重症监护病房住院的患者中观察到高水平的 IL-6 和 TNF-α。这为使用抗风湿药物作为这种严重病毒感染的潜在治疗方法提供了理论基础。其他药物，例如羟氯喹和氯喹可能具有直接的抗病毒作用。免疫抑制剂针对多种病毒的抗病毒作用早已为人所知，本文从寻找SARS-CoV-2感染的潜在治疗方法的角度对其进行讨论。