In the context of global change, the impacts and pressures attributed to human activities have become the main obstacles that restrict the sustainable development of ecological environments at the regional scale. Assessments of the relationship between humans and the environment have become common in current environmental research. The Liupan mountainous region of Ningxia is characterized by its remote geographical location and fragile natural environment, which lead to impoverishment for the resident ethnic minority populations. This study aims to evaluate the spatial distributed characteristics of the vulnerability of the human-environment system and to propose sustainable development approaches for the Liupan mountainous region of Ningxia. The results showed that the overall vulnerability of the human-environment system in the Liupan mountainous region of Ningxia is relatively high and has a strong spatial coupling relationship with the regional differentiation of the geographical environment and of the economic and social development in the study area. The fragile ecological environment, frequent natural disasters and spatial concentration of high-intensity human activities aggravated the vulnerability. Based on the results of the vulnerability and barrier factor identification processes, the sustainable development paths of “emigration”, “emigration + carbon sink industry” and “immigration resettlement + carbon sink industry” were developed for the study area. The carbon sink industry is oriented to the northwest and southeast, and the immigration resettlement is predominantly distributed in Yuanzhou District, which have high adaptability. The emigration approach is predominantly distributed in Xiji, Pengyang and Longde counties, which have higher exposure and sensitivity. Therefore, achieving sustainable development in restricted-development ecological zones must rely on the external manifestation of the economic functions of ecosystem services. The development of carbon sink industry and the implementation of ecological migration, which has the dual effects of poverty alleviation and ecological restoration, are the primary paths to promoting the sustainable development of restricted-development ecological zones in the future.

在全球变化的背景下，人类活动造成的影响和压力已成为限制区域规模生态环境可持续发展的主要障碍。在当前的环境研究中，对人与环境之间关系的评估已变得很普遍。宁夏六盘山区地处偏远，自然环境脆弱，导致常住少数民族贫困。这项研究旨在评估人类环境系统脆弱性的空间分布特征，并为宁夏六盘山区提出可持续发展方法。结果表明，宁夏六盘山山区人环境系统总体脆弱性较高，与研究区地理环境和经济社会发展的区域差异具有强烈的空间耦合关系。脆弱的生态环境，频繁的自然灾害和高强度人类活动的空间集中加剧了这一脆弱性。根据脆弱性和障碍因素识别过程的结果，为研究区域制定了“移民”，“移民+碳汇产业”和“移民安置+碳汇产业”的可持续发展路径。碳汇产业面向西北和东南部，移民安置主要分布在Yuan州区，适应性强。移民方法主要分布在西集，彭阳和龙德县，这些县的接触率和敏感性较高。因此，在发展受限的生态区实现可持续发展必须依靠生态系统服务经济功能的外部体现。碳汇产业的发展和生态移民的实施具有扶贫和生态恢复的双重作用，是未来促进受限开发生态区可持续发展的主要途径。exposure阳县和隆德县，它们的暴露程度和敏感性较高。因此，在发展受限的生态区实现可持续发展必须依靠生态系统服务经济功能的外部体现。碳汇产业的发展和生态移民的实施具有扶贫和生态恢复的双重作用，是未来促进受限开发生态区可持续发展的主要途径。exposure阳县和隆德县，它们的暴露程度和敏感性较高。因此，在发展受限的生态区实现可持续发展必须依靠生态系统服务经济功能的外部体现。碳汇产业的发展和生态移民的实施具有扶贫和生态恢复的双重作用，是未来促进受限开发生态区可持续发展的主要途径。