Relevant patient-derived models may help to interrogate clinical and molecular data from patients and models and to work on clinically relevant questions of the contribution of glioblastoma heterogeneity to treatment resistance as well as the role of evolutionary programs during spontaneous tumor progression or development under treatment pressure. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with variable sources are heavily used models requiring host mice. The tissue source (full pretreatment tumor, post-treatment tissue, tissue from metastatic sites or minimal residual disease or circulating tumor cells) is variable and chosen according to the hypothesis examined; the mouse model is usually immune compromised, but examples of challenging humanized PDX models with...

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相关的患者衍生模型可能有助于询问患者和模型的临床和分子数据，并研究胶质母细胞瘤异质性对治疗耐药性的影响以及进化程序在自发性肿瘤进展或发展过程中在治疗压力下的作用的临床相关问题。具有可变来源的患者源异种移植物（PDX）是使用宿主小鼠的常用模型。组织来源（完整的治疗前肿瘤，治疗后组织，来自转移部位的组织或极少的残留疾病或循环中的肿瘤细胞）是可变的，并根据检查的假设进行选择；小鼠模型通常会受到免疫损害，但是具有挑战性的人性化PDX模型的示例具有...