ABSTRACT We propose an adaptive nematic liquid crystal (LC) lens array using a dielectric layer with low dielectric constant as resistive layer. With the resistive layer and periodic-arranged iridium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, the vertical electric field across the LC layer varies linearly over the lens aperture is obtained in the voltage-on state. As a result, a centrosymmetric gradient refractive index profile within the LC layer is generated, which causes the focusing behaviour. As a result of the optimisation, a thin cell gap which greatly reduces the switching time of the LC lens array can be achieved in our design. The main advantages of the proposed LC lens array are in the comparatively low operating voltage, the flat substrate surface, the simple electrodes, and the uniform LC cell gap. The simulation results show that the focal length of the LC lens array can be tuned continuously from infinity to 3.99 mm by changing the applied voltage. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

---

具有电阻层的自适应向列液晶透镜阵列

摘要 我们提出了一种使用具有低介电常数的介电层作为电阻层的自适应向列液晶 (LC) 透镜阵列。使用电阻层和周期性排列的氧化铱锡 (ITO) 电极，在电压开启状态下，LC 层上的垂直电场在透镜孔径上呈线性变化。结果，在 LC 层内产生了中心对称的梯度折射率分布，这导致了聚焦行为。作为优化的结果，可以在我们的设计中实现一个薄的单元间隙，这大大减少了 LC 透镜阵列的切换时间。所提出的液晶透镜阵列的主要优点在于相对较低的工作电压、平坦的基板表面、简单的电极和均匀的液晶盒间隙。仿真结果表明，通过改变施加的电压，LC透镜阵列的焦距可以从无限远连续调谐到3.99 mm。图形概要