Abstract An emerging osmotically driven membrane process, forward osmosis has attracted growing attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. The present study provides a critical review of the forward osmosis process for wastewater treatment focusing on most recent studies. Forward osmosis is one of the technologies that has been widely studied for the treatment of a wide range of wastewater because of its low fouling and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques for wastewater treatment. To date, forward osmosis has limited applications in the field of wastewater treatment due to several technical and economic concerns. Although membrane cost is one of the critical issues that limit the commercial application of forward osmosis, there are other obstacles such as membrane fouling, finding an ideal draw solution that can easily be recycled, concentration polarization and reverse salt diffusion. Innovative technologies for in-situ real-time fouling monitoring can give us new insights into fouling mechanisms and fouling control strategies in forward osmosis. This study evaluated recent advancements in forward osmosis technology for wastewater treatment and the main challenges that need to be addressed in future research work. Graphical Abstract Forward osmosis process for wastewater treatment.

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正向渗透工艺在废水处理中的挑战和潜力

摘要 作为一种新兴的渗透驱动膜工艺，正渗透在海水淡化和废水处理领域引起了越来越多的关注。本研究对废水处理的正向渗透过程进行了批判性回顾，重点是最近的研究。正渗透是一种被广泛研究用于处理各种废水的技术，因为与传统的废水处理技术相比，它的污染和能耗低。迄今为止，由于一些技术和经济问题，正向渗透在废水处理领域的应用受到限制。尽管膜成本是限制正向渗透商业应用的关键问题之一，但还有其他障碍，如膜污染、寻找可轻松回收、浓差极化和反向盐扩散的理想汲取溶液。原位实时污垢监测的创新技术可以让我们对正渗透中的污垢机制和污垢控制策略有新的认识。本研究评估了用于废水处理的正向渗透技术的最新进展以及未来研究工作中需要解决的主要挑战。图形摘要 废水处理的正向渗透工艺。本研究评估了用于废水处理的正向渗透技术的最新进展以及未来研究工作中需要解决的主要挑战。图形摘要 废水处理的正向渗透工艺。本研究评估了用于废水处理的正向渗透技术的最新进展以及未来研究工作中需要解决的主要挑战。图形摘要 废水处理的正向渗透工艺。