Abstract

Scaffolds to facilitate three-dimensional bone ingrowth have been widely researched for bone regeneration. Fish scale can serve as a green filler for the reinforcement of chitosan scaffolds as it contains type I collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAp) which will promote osteoblastic functions. In the current study, chitosan scaffolds were incorporated with fish scale at a weight percent (wt%) range of 12–20. The composite scaffolds with interconnected pore and porosity of 26–142 μm and 58.2–76.1%, respectively, exhibited an improved compressive modulus ranging from 0.905 to 1.1 MPa. The improved mechanical property of chitosan–fish scale (C–FS) scaffolds was also coupled with reduced degradation rates of 9.3–14.3%. Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that the cell adhesion was peaked on the C–FS scaffold with 18 wt% of fish scale at the density of 1.05 ± 0.39 cells/mm². Subsequently, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the cell proliferation on C–FS scaffolds was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control cells. Furthermore, the early differentiation of MG63 measured using alkaline phosphatase assay revealed the highest peak at 14-day culture on the scaffolds. These findings clearly signified the potential incorporation of fish scale at 18 wt% into chitosan scaffolds for reinforcement purpose by promoting the highest osteoblastic adhesion, proliferation and early differentiation.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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在骨细胞上掺入绿色填料的壳聚糖复合支架的物理性质和体外生物相容性得到改善

摘要

促进三维骨向内生长的支架已被广泛研究用于骨再生。鱼鳞可作为绿色填充剂来增强壳聚糖支架，因为它含有I型胶原蛋白和羟磷灰石（HAp），可促进成骨细胞功能。在当前的研究中，壳聚糖支架与鱼鳞的重量百分比（wt％）范围为12-20。具有相互连接的孔隙和孔隙率分别为26–142μm和58.2–76.1％的复合支架，其压缩模量提高了0.905至1.1 MPa。壳聚糖-鱼鳞（C-FS）支架的机械性能提高，同时降解率降低了9.3-14.3％。²。随后，3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物（MTT）分析表明，C-FS支架上的细胞增殖明显高于 对照细胞（p <0.05）。此外，使用碱性磷酸酶测定法测量的MG63的早期分化显示了在支架上第14天培养的最高峰。这些发现清楚地表明，通过促进最高的成骨细胞粘附，增殖和早期分化，可以将鱼鳞以18 wt％的含量掺入壳聚糖支架中以进行增强。

图形摘要