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Role of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate axis in the development of resistance to cancer therapy.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158716
Xiaoyun Tang 1 , Matthew G K Benesch 2 , David N Brindley 1
Affiliation  

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidate (LPA), which signals through six G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling through LPA is terminated by its degradation by a family of three lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). LPP1 also attenuates signaling downstream of the activation of LPA receptors and some other GPCRs. The ATX-LPA axis mediates a plethora of activities such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, which perform an important role in facilitating wound healing. This wound healing response is hijacked by cancers where there is decreased expression of LPP1 and LPP3 and increased expression of ATX. This maladaptive regulation of LPA signaling also causes chronic inflammation, which has been recognized as one of the hallmarks in cancer. The increased LPA signaling promotes cell survival and migration and attenuates apoptosis, which stimulates tumor growth and metastasis. The wound healing functions of increased LPA signaling also protect cancer cells from effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we will summarize knowledge of the ATX-LPA axis and its role in the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We will also offer insights for developing strategies of targeting ATX-LPA axis as a novel part of cancer treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lysophospholipids and their receptors: New data and new insights into their function edited by Susan Smyth, Viswanathan Natarajan and Colleen McMullen.

中文翻译:

紫杉醇溶血磷脂酸酯轴在抗癌治疗发展中的作用。

Autotaxin(ATX)是一种分泌的酶,可水解溶血磷脂酰胆碱以产生溶血磷脂酸(LPA),该信号通过六个G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)发出信号。通过LPA的信号通过其降解被三个脂质磷酸磷酸酶(LPP)家族终止。LPP1还减弱LPA受体和一些其他GPCR激活下游的信号传导。ATX-LPA轴介导了许多活动,例如细胞增殖,存活,迁移,血管生成和炎症,这些活动在促进伤口愈合中起着重要作用。LPP1和LPP3的表达减少而ATX的表达增加的癌症劫持了这种伤口愈合反应。LPA信号的这种适应不良调节也会引起慢性炎症,这已被认为是癌症的标志之一。增加的LPA信号传导促进细胞存活和迁移并减弱细胞凋亡,从而刺激肿瘤的生长和转移。LPA信号增强的伤口愈合功能还可以保护癌细胞免受化学疗法和放射疗法的影响。在这篇综述中,我们将总结有关ATX-LPA轴的知识及其在对化学疗法和放射疗法产生抗药性中的作用。我们还将为开发针对ATX-LPA轴作为癌症治疗的新部分的策略提供见解。本文是特刊“溶血磷脂及其受体:由Susan Smyth,Viswanathan Natarajan和Colleen McMullen编辑的新数据及其功能的新见解”的一部分。刺激肿瘤的生长和转移。LPA信号增强的伤口愈合功能还可以保护癌细胞免受化学疗法和放射疗法的影响。在这篇综述中,我们将总结有关ATX-LPA轴的知识及其在对化学疗法和放射疗法产生抗药性中的作用。我们还将为开发针对ATX-LPA轴作为癌症治疗的新部分的策略提供见解。本文是特刊“溶血磷脂及其受体:由Susan Smyth,Viswanathan Natarajan和Colleen McMullen编辑的新数据及其功能的新见解”的一部分。刺激肿瘤的生长和转移。LPA信号增强的伤口愈合功能还可以保护癌细胞免受化学疗法和放射疗法的影响。在这篇综述中,我们将总结有关ATX-LPA轴的知识及其在对化学疗法和放射疗法产生抗药性中的作用。我们还将为开发针对ATX-LPA轴作为癌症治疗的新部分的策略提供见解。本文是特刊“溶血磷脂及其受体:由Susan Smyth,Viswanathan Natarajan和Colleen McMullen编辑的新数据及其功能的新见解”的一部分。我们将总结有关ATX-LPA轴的知识及其在化学疗法和放射疗法耐药性发展中的作用。我们还将为开发针对ATX-LPA轴作为癌症治疗的新部分的策略提供见解。本文是特刊“溶血磷脂及其受体:由Susan Smyth,Viswanathan Natarajan和Colleen McMullen编辑的新数据及其功能的新见解”的一部分。我们将总结ATX-LPA轴的知识及其在化学疗法和放射疗法耐药性发展中的作用。我们还将为开发针对ATX-LPA轴作为癌症治疗的新部分的策略提供见解。本文是特刊“溶血磷脂及其受体:由Susan Smyth,Viswanathan Natarajan和Colleen McMullen编辑的新数据及其功能的新见解”的一部分。
更新日期:2020-04-16
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