The influence of species life history traits and historical demography on contemporary connectivity is still poorly understood. However, these factors partly determine the evolutionary responses of species to anthropogenic landscape alterations. Genetic connectivity and its evolutionary outcomes depend on a variety of spatially dependent evolutionary processes, such as population structure, local adaptation, genetic admixture, and speciation. Over the last years, population genomic studies have been interrogating these processes with increasing resolution, revealing a large diversity of species responses to spatially structured landscapes. In parallel, multispecies meta‐analyses usually based on low‐genome coverage data have provided fundamental insights into the ecological determinants of genetic connectivity, such as the influence of key life history traits on population structure. However, comparative studies still lack a thorough integration of macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary scales to fully realize their potential. Here, I present how a comparative genomics framework may provide a deeper understanding of evolutionary process connectivity. This framework relies on coupling the inference of long‐term demographic and selective history with an assessment of the contemporary consequences of genetic connectivity. Standardizing this approach across several species occupying the same landscape should help understand how spatial environmental heterogeneity has shaped the diversity of historical and contemporary connectivity patterns in different taxa with contrasted life history traits. I will argue that a reasonable amount of genome sequence data can be sufficient to resolve and connect complex macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary histories. Ultimately, implementing this framework in varied taxonomic groups is expected to improve scientific guidelines for conservation and management policies.

中文翻译：

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比较基因组学方法用于进化过程的连通性。

物种生活史特征和历史人口学对当代连通性的影响仍然知之甚少。但是，这些因素部分决定了物种对人为景观变化的进化反应。遗传连通性及其进化结果取决于各种空间相关的进化过程，例如种群结构，局部适应，遗传混合物和物种形成。在过去的几年中，种群基因组学研究以越来越高的分辨率询问这些过程，从而揭示了物种对空间结构化景观的多种反应。同时，通常基于低基因组覆盖率数据的多物种荟萃分析提供了对遗传连通性的生态决定因素的基本见解，例如重要的生活史特征对人口结构的影响。但是，比较研究仍然缺乏对宏观和微观进化尺度的全面整合，无法充分发挥其潜力。在这里，我介绍了比较基因组学框架如何提供对进化过程连通性的更深刻理解。该框架依靠将长期人口统计学和选择性历史的推论与对遗传连通性的当代后果的评估结合起来。在占地相同的几个物种上对这种方法进行标准化，应该有助于了解空间环境的异质性如何塑造具有不同生命历史特征的不同分类群中历史和当代连通性模式的多样性。我将争辩说，合理数量的基因组序列数据足以解决和联系复杂的宏观和微观进化历史。最终，在各种生物分类群中实施该框架有望改善保护和管理政策的科学指导方针。